Questions and Answers
Which of the following factors can affect gastrointestinal drug absorption?
Highly ionized drug molecules are easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
False
What is the primary route of administration that allows for the most rapid onset of drug action?
Intravenous (IV)
Drugs with large molecular weights may not be well absorbed when given _______.
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Which approach is NOT useful in developing oral protein delivery systems with high bioavailability?
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Match the following routes of parenteral administration with their descriptions:
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Intramuscular injections always result in faster drug absorption than oral administration.
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Name one pathological condition that can alter drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Which step in the LADMER system refers to the release of active drug from the dosage form?
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Dissolution is when a chemical or drug becomes undissolved in a solvent.
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What is the function of the LADMER system in the development of drug formulations?
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The process that determines the drug's _______________ is influenced by its solubility and permeability.
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Match the following LADMER processes with their descriptions:
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What is a key factor in determining the effective dose sizes of a drug?
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Buccal and sublingual tablets are designed for slow absorption into the bloodstream.
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What is a significant disadvantage of oral drug products?
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List one reason why modified-release formulations are developed in drug delivery.
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Nasal drug delivery is primarily used for systemic effects.
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What are modified-release formulations designed to do?
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The primary factors affecting bioavailability include ___, permeability, and stability.
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Match the following dosage forms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a common dosage form for drug administration?
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Oral administration is considered the least convenient route of drug administration.
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Name one advantage of using oral drug products.
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Study Notes
Altered Bioavailability
- Drug absorption can fluctuate due to interactions with certain foods and drugs, affecting gastrointestinal (GI) tract conditions such as ulcerative colitis.
- Factors influencing GI drug absorption include presence of food, pH changes, gastric motility, and gastric emptying time.
- Highly ionized drug molecules and those with large molecular weights are less likely to be readily absorbed when taken orally.
- Large molecules may improve absorption if delivered in solution with surface-active agents.
Approaches to Enhance Oral Protein Delivery
- Modification of physicochemical properties of macromolecules can enhance their absorption.
- Integrating novel functions into macromolecules improves effectiveness.
- Utilization of advanced delivery carriers supports better bioavailability.
Parenteral Drug Administration
- Parenteral route includes intravenous, intra-arterial, intraosseous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intrathecal injections.
- Intravenous (IV) administration offers rapid onset of action, distributing the drug throughout the body in minutes.
- Absorption rates can vary between intramuscular (IM) and oral routes; IM may be faster or slower than oral intake.
- Common IM injection sites include gluteus and deltoid muscles.
Application of Biopharmaceutics
- Involves predicting in vivo performance using solubility and permeability measurements.
- Aids in drug discovery and development, ensuring thorough evaluation of drug delivery systems.
- Supports regulatory processes concerning bioequivalence during production scale-up.
LADMER System Overview
- The LADMER system describes key processes: Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Response.
- Facilitates tasks such as developing new compounds, dosage forms, and assessing pharmacokinetic parameters.
- Assists in evaluating bioavailability and determining the best administration routes and effective dose sizes.
Drug Liberation Process
- Liberation indicates the release of active drug from its dosage form.
- Disintegration is the softening of the drug product, with no firm core remaining.
- Dissolution is crucial as it enables the chemical or drug to dissolve in a solvent before absorption into circulation.
Drug Delivery Systems and Routes
- Drugs are vital for diagnosing and treating diseases, provided in various dosage forms (solid, semi-solid, liquid).
- Dosage forms are pharmaceutical preparations comprising active ingredients and excipients tailored for effective drug delivery.
- Oral administration is the most common due to its convenience and safety, avoiding discomfort from injections.
- Challenges with oral products include potential bioavailability issues from solubility and stability, and GI irritation causing nausea or discomfort.
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Description
This quiz explores the influence of food and pathologies like ulcerative colitis on the bioavailability of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. It covers how factors such as pH, gastric motility, and drug characteristics affect absorption rates. Test your understanding of these complex interactions and their clinical implications.
