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Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a solid dosage form?
Which of these is NOT a solid dosage form?
What is the purpose of a suppository?
What is the purpose of a suppository?
Which of these is a semisolid dosage form?
Which of these is a semisolid dosage form?
What is the main characteristic of a paste dosage form?
What is the main characteristic of a paste dosage form?
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Which of these is a gaseous dosage form?
Which of these is a gaseous dosage form?
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What is the main purpose of an inhalation?
What is the main purpose of an inhalation?
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What is a common usage for a mouthwash?
What is a common usage for a mouthwash?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of topical dosage forms?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of topical dosage forms?
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What is a significant advantage of parenteral dosage forms?
What is a significant advantage of parenteral dosage forms?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of liquid dosage forms?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of liquid dosage forms?
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What is a primary advantage of solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules?
What is a primary advantage of solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules?
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What is NOT a factor considered when choosing a dosage form?
What is NOT a factor considered when choosing a dosage form?
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What is the term used for undesirable effects caused by a drug?
What is the term used for undesirable effects caused by a drug?
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What is a key element in minimizing drug interactions?
What is a key element in minimizing drug interactions?
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Which of the following is NOT considered one of the six 'rights' of medication administration?
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the six 'rights' of medication administration?
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What is the primary function of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations?
What is the primary function of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an excipient?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an excipient?
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What is the main difference between a suspension and an emulsion?
What is the main difference between a suspension and an emulsion?
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Which of the following dosage forms is a concentrated aqueous solution used externally for treating throat infections?
Which of the following dosage forms is a concentrated aqueous solution used externally for treating throat infections?
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What is the role of an emulsifying agent in an emulsion?
What is the role of an emulsifying agent in an emulsion?
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Why are drug formulations used instead of pure chemical entities?
Why are drug formulations used instead of pure chemical entities?
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Which dosage form is primarily used for oral administration?
Which dosage form is primarily used for oral administration?
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What is the primary purpose of a 'liniment' in pharmaceutical applications?
What is the primary purpose of a 'liniment' in pharmaceutical applications?
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Study Notes
Drug Classification
- Drugs are categorized based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.
- Physical forms include solid (e.g., tablets, capsules, pills), semi-solid (e.g., ointments, creams, gels, pastes), liquid (e.g., syrups, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions), and gaseous (e.g., inhalers, aerosols).
- Routes of administration include oral, parenteral, sublingual, intranasal, intraocular, intra respiratory, rectal, vaginal, and urethral.
- Sites of application can be skin, eye, tooth, hand, foot, hair, nasal.
- Uses can be internal or external.
Dosage Form Classification
- Dosage forms are physical preparations of drugs for administration.
- Key factors considered in selecting a suitable dosage form include patient age/condition, route of administration, drug substance properties, and product stability.
Liquid Dosage Forms
- Elixirs are liquid preparations containing drugs and excipients for oral administration.
- Emulsions are water-based suspensions of oils and fats, stabilized by emulsifying agents.
- Suspensions are liquid preparations where active components are dispersed in a suitable medium, typically requiring shaking for uniform distribution.
- Gargles are concentrated aqueous solutions used for external application, typically to treat throat infections.
- Gels are dispersions of medicaments in water, often used as antacids
- Other liquid dosage forms include lotions, liniments (applied with friction), and mixtures (containing multiple medications).
Solid Dosage Forms
- Powders are finely fragmented solid particles.
- Tablets are solid medication forms, often with excipients.
- Granules are aggregated particles.
- Capsules are gelatin or other materials used to enclose drugs.
- Pills are small tablets containing excipients.
- Lozenges are solid, sugar or gum-based formulations used for mouth and throat issues.
- Suppositories are solid medications placed in body cavities other than the mouth (e.g., rectum, vagina).
Semisolid Dosage Forms
- Ointments are semisolid preparations for external use, possibly containing medications.
- Creams are semisolid preparations, with or without medications, and typically contain fatty bases.
- Pastes are semisolid preparations with a significant proportion of finely powdered medicaments.
- Gels (external use) contain hydrophilic or hydrophobic bases and gelling agents.
Gaseous Dosage Forms
- Aerosols are particles of solid or liquid substances dispersed in gas for application to the respiratory tract.
- Inhalations are liquid preparations intended for internal use and dispersed/suspended in a propellant.
- Sprays are medication aerosols utilizing an atomizer or nebulizer for application in the nose or throat, often alcohol-containing.
Adverse Reactions
- Adverse reactions can be allergic (hives, itching, edema) or anaphylactic (respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse).
Drug Interactions
- Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, or juices.
Six Rights of Medication Administration
- The six rights of medication administration are right drug, right time, right dose, right patient, right route, and right documentation.
Factors Influencing Drug Action
- Factors influencing drug action include patient age, weight, metabolic rate, illness, psychological aspects (placebo effect), tolerance/dependence, and cumulative effect.
Drug Action
- Drugs typically have a desired effect but can also have adverse effects (side effects).
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
- Pharmaceutical dosage forms are the physical forms in which medications are prepared for administration to patients.
- Examples include tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, creams, ointments, inhalers, injections, and patches.
Advantages of Different Dosage Forms
- Topical: Target delivery, reduced side effects, easy application.
- Parenteral: Suitable for non-orally absorbable drugs, avoids first-pass metabolism, rapid onset, complete bioavailability, and prolonged action.
- Liquid: Easy swallowing, suitable for elderly and children, improved taste, and flexible dosing.
- Solid: Stability, accurate dosing, easy administration, sustained release options, and combination therapy potential.
Considerations in Selecting a Dosage Form
- Patient age/condition, route of administration, drug properties, and product stability are considered when selecting a dosage form.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of drugs based on their physical state, routes of administration, and application sites. It also delves into dosage forms, including liquid preparations like elixirs and emulsions, with emphasis on factors influencing the choice of dosage. Test your knowledge on these essential pharmacological concepts.
