Drug and Bacteria Relationship Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the classification of ibuprofen?

Antibiotic

NSAID (correct)

Opioid

Antidepressant

What is the onset of action of ibuprofen?

12 hours

15 minutes

4 hours

1 hour (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action of ibuprofen?

Decreasing renal blood flow (correct)

Increasing blood flow to kidneys

Renal vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

Which group of patients is considered at highest risk for renal impairment due to ibuprofen use?

Those over 50 years, taking diuretics and with diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is a nursing implication for administering ibuprofen to older adults?

Monitor for renal dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Schedule III drugs such as codeine and morphine?

To have less potential for abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which drug falls under Schedule IV classification due to its accepted medical use but with potential for abuse?

Diazepam Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nurses in handling controlled substances like opioids?

Recording each dose given and reporting any discrepancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the main pharmacokinetic process involved in drug absorption?

Absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Schedule V drugs is accurate?

They may be dispensed by pharmacists without a prescription but with restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring serum drug levels?

To predict patient response to treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is correct?

Has an antidote known as Acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication crosses the placenta and breast milk according to the text?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main classification of Salicylates like Aspirin?

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs has a duration of action of 3-4 hours according to the text?

Acetaminophen Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is recommended for reducing interruptions during medication administration?

Having a 'quiet zone' to prepare medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a drug guide during medication administration?

To provide quick access to drug information Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of controlled substances includes drugs with high abuse potential but accepted medical use?

Schedule II Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between generic and brand (trade) names of drugs?

Generic names indicate drug groups, while brand names are designed by manufacturers. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the classification and understanding of drug prototypes important in nursing practice?

To identify the original drug that others in its class are compared to Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of warfarin?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin K in relation to warfarin therapy?

It is the antidote for warfarin Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the body does warfarin act to prevent synthesis of clotting factors?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

How does renal impairment affect the excretion of warfarin?

Decreases drug metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of warfarin?

Prevent synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Tylenol based on the text?

Antipyretics Signup and view all the answers

What is the generic name of Tylenol according to the text?

Acetaminophen Signup and view all the answers

How is Tylenol primarily metabolized in the body?

Metabolized by the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the most beneficial antidote for Tylenol overdose according to the text?

Acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

In what patient population should Tylenol be used with caution according to the text?

Older adults with liver damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using the medication mentioned in the text?

Preventing organ rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme does the medication inhibit, leading to reduced lymphocyte proliferation?

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with the medication's use in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients avoid having indoor plants while taking the medication?

To reduce the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of the medication?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for using the medication?

Pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of the medication?

S/S of rejection reactions Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is this medication used as a front-line therapy in combination with corticosteroids?

Clinical graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of the medication on plasma levels in patients with renal impairment?

Increased plasma levels Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing implication for female patients taking this medication?

Strictly enforce contraception Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration of medication use recommended for children when taking acetaminophen to reduce fever?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of acetaminophen use in pediatric patients?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for administering acetaminophen to children?

Exceeding the recommended dose Signup and view all the answers

What is a therapeutic effect of acetaminophen in pediatric patients?

Lowered fever Signup and view all the answers

When administering acetaminophen to children, what is the maximum dose that should not be exceeded?

3g Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the dosage of Methotrexate in pediatric patients according to the text?

Body surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential tetragenic risk associated with Methotrexate use in children according to the text?

Birth defects Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Methotrexate use in children as mentioned in the text?

Hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

In what type of malignancies is Methotrexate particularly used for in children according to the text?

Brain tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication for the use of Methotrexate in children as noted in the text?

Renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of using amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) in patients with hepatic injury?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

In children, what is a common contraindication for the use of ampicillin?

Mononucleosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of the medication when used in children with impaired renal function?

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of piperacillin?

Bactericidal activity Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with the medication use in pediatric patients?

Weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects the dosage adjustment of cephalosporins in children?

Age and weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of this medication according to the text?

Current pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

In pediatric patients, which adverse effect can be seen with the use of penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contraindication for using aspirin in children?

Reye's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic effect of the medication as mentioned in the text?

Absence of symptoms of rejection reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of high-dose aspirin use in pediatric patients?

Encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

In children with renal impairment, what is the recommended maximum dosage frequency of the medication per day to avoid adverse effects?

Twice daily Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic effect of aspirin as stated in the text?

Prophylaxis of MI Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage range for aspirin in children for fever and pain?

325-650 mg every 4 h PRN Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of using aspirin in children?

Decreases blood flow to kidneys in children Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when using acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?

Alternate acetaminophen and ibuprofen every 4 hours for more effective fever control. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of using acetaminophen in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population should acetaminophen be used cautiously?

Patients with liver damage Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential therapeutic effect of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?

Enhanced fever control Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosing frequency for acetaminophen in young children for fever control?

Every 4-6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which population is more likely to experience bleeding and other complications when taking antiplatelet drugs?

Older adults Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with clopidogrel use?

Purpura Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for administering clopidogrel to children?

Safety not established in kids Signup and view all the answers

What is a therapeutic effect of clopidogrel in pediatric patients?

Prevention of thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum loading dose of clopidogrel recommended for patients 75 years of age and older?

$75$ mg Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of clopidogrel use in pediatric patients?

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Signup and view all the answers

Why is caution necessary when prescribing clopidogrel to patients with hepatic impairment?

May accumulate in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect that may occur when adding clopidogrel to aspirin in people with atrial fibrillation?

Increases risk of hemorrhagic stroke Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ibuprofen

Classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Onset of action typically occurs within 30 to 60 minutes after administration.
Acts primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which decreases prostaglandin production.
Patients with pre-existing renal impairment or dehydration are at highest risk for renal impairment due to ibuprofen usage.
Older adults may require careful monitoring due to higher risks of gastrointestinal bleeding and renal issues when taking ibuprofen.

Controlled Substances

Schedule III drugs, such as codeine and morphine, are used for pain relief but have potential for abuse.
Drugs classified under Schedule IV have accepted medical use but also potential for abuse.
Nursing responsibilities include ensuring proper documentation, security, and accurate patient education regarding controlled substances.

Pharmacokinetics

Main pharmacokinetic process for drug absorption involves passive diffusion across biological membranes.
Serum drug levels are measured to ensure efficacy while preventing toxicity.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Acetaminophen is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic medication.
Generic name is paracetamol in many regions.
Primarily metabolized by the liver; caution is required in patients with liver disease.
Most effective antidote for acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine.
Use with caution in patients with existing liver conditions, alcohol use disorder, or in those taking other hepatotoxic drugs.

Warfarin

Main mechanism of action involves inhibiting Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis in the liver.
Primarily excreted through the liver; renal impairment can affect its excretion and dosage.
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors affected by warfarin therapy.

Methotrexate and Pediatric Considerations

Methotrexate is a folate antagonist used for certain cancers and autoimmune diseases in children.
It carries a teratogenic risk and should be avoided in pregnant females or those planning pregnancy.
Common adverse effects include myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity.

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Use in patients with hepatic injury may lead to increased risk of liver enzyme elevations.
Common contraindications include a history of allergies to penicillin or cephalosporins.

Aspirin and Pediatric Use

Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, particularly following viral infections.
Therapeutic effects include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
Recommended dosage range for children is typically based on weight for fever and pain management.

Clopidogrel

Effective as an antiplatelet agent, but children can experience uncommon adverse effects.
Maximum loading dose recommended for older patients is often lower due to increased bleeding risk.
Caution is necessary with hepatic impairment due to altered drug metabolism and increased bleeding risk.

General Considerations

Dosing discrepancies can occur based on factors such as age, weight, and organ function (e.g., renal).
Careful consideration of drug interactions, contraindications, and patient-specific factors is crucial in medication administration and monitoring.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how different drugs interact with bacteria, and determine if they are effective or resistant. Explore topics like combination therapy, antibiotic classification, and the use of specific drugs like acetaminophen (Tylenol) and its antidote acetylcysteine.