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Questions and Answers
What is the classification of ibuprofen?
What is the classification of ibuprofen?
- Antibiotic
- NSAID (correct)
- Opioid
- Antidepressant
What is the onset of action of ibuprofen?
What is the onset of action of ibuprofen?
- 12 hours
- 15 minutes
- 4 hours
- 1 hour (correct)
What is the primary mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
What is the primary mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
- Decreasing renal blood flow (correct)
- Increasing blood flow to kidneys
- Renal vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Which group of patients is considered at highest risk for renal impairment due to ibuprofen use?
Which group of patients is considered at highest risk for renal impairment due to ibuprofen use?
What is a nursing implication for administering ibuprofen to older adults?
What is a nursing implication for administering ibuprofen to older adults?
What is the purpose of Schedule III drugs such as codeine and morphine?
What is the purpose of Schedule III drugs such as codeine and morphine?
Which drug falls under Schedule IV classification due to its accepted medical use but with potential for abuse?
Which drug falls under Schedule IV classification due to its accepted medical use but with potential for abuse?
What is the role of nurses in handling controlled substances like opioids?
What is the role of nurses in handling controlled substances like opioids?
What is the main pharmacokinetic process involved in drug absorption?
What is the main pharmacokinetic process involved in drug absorption?
Which of the following statements about Schedule V drugs is accurate?
Which of the following statements about Schedule V drugs is accurate?
What is the main purpose of measuring serum drug levels?
What is the main purpose of measuring serum drug levels?
Which statement regarding Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is correct?
Which statement regarding Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is correct?
Which medication crosses the placenta and breast milk according to the text?
Which medication crosses the placenta and breast milk according to the text?
What is the main classification of Salicylates like Aspirin?
What is the main classification of Salicylates like Aspirin?
Which of the following drugs has a duration of action of 3-4 hours according to the text?
Which of the following drugs has a duration of action of 3-4 hours according to the text?
Which strategy is recommended for reducing interruptions during medication administration?
Which strategy is recommended for reducing interruptions during medication administration?
What is the purpose of using a drug guide during medication administration?
What is the purpose of using a drug guide during medication administration?
Which classification of controlled substances includes drugs with high abuse potential but accepted medical use?
Which classification of controlled substances includes drugs with high abuse potential but accepted medical use?
What is the main difference between generic and brand (trade) names of drugs?
What is the main difference between generic and brand (trade) names of drugs?
Why is the classification and understanding of drug prototypes important in nursing practice?
Why is the classification and understanding of drug prototypes important in nursing practice?
Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of warfarin?
Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of warfarin?
What is the role of vitamin K in relation to warfarin therapy?
What is the role of vitamin K in relation to warfarin therapy?
In what part of the body does warfarin act to prevent synthesis of clotting factors?
In what part of the body does warfarin act to prevent synthesis of clotting factors?
How does renal impairment affect the excretion of warfarin?
How does renal impairment affect the excretion of warfarin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of warfarin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of warfarin?
What is the classification of Tylenol based on the text?
What is the classification of Tylenol based on the text?
What is the generic name of Tylenol according to the text?
What is the generic name of Tylenol according to the text?
How is Tylenol primarily metabolized in the body?
How is Tylenol primarily metabolized in the body?
What is the most beneficial antidote for Tylenol overdose according to the text?
What is the most beneficial antidote for Tylenol overdose according to the text?
In what patient population should Tylenol be used with caution according to the text?
In what patient population should Tylenol be used with caution according to the text?
What is the primary purpose of using the medication mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of using the medication mentioned in the text?
Which enzyme does the medication inhibit, leading to reduced lymphocyte proliferation?
Which enzyme does the medication inhibit, leading to reduced lymphocyte proliferation?
What is a common adverse effect associated with the medication's use in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?
What is a common adverse effect associated with the medication's use in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?
Why should patients avoid having indoor plants while taking the medication?
Why should patients avoid having indoor plants while taking the medication?
Which one of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of the medication?
Which one of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of the medication?
What is a contraindication for using the medication?
What is a contraindication for using the medication?
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of the medication?
In which condition is this medication used as a front-line therapy in combination with corticosteroids?
In which condition is this medication used as a front-line therapy in combination with corticosteroids?
What is the potential impact of the medication on plasma levels in patients with renal impairment?
What is the potential impact of the medication on plasma levels in patients with renal impairment?
What is an important nursing implication for female patients taking this medication?
What is an important nursing implication for female patients taking this medication?
What is the maximum duration of medication use recommended for children when taking acetaminophen to reduce fever?
What is the maximum duration of medication use recommended for children when taking acetaminophen to reduce fever?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of acetaminophen use in pediatric patients?
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of acetaminophen use in pediatric patients?
What is a contraindication for administering acetaminophen to children?
What is a contraindication for administering acetaminophen to children?
What is a therapeutic effect of acetaminophen in pediatric patients?
What is a therapeutic effect of acetaminophen in pediatric patients?
When administering acetaminophen to children, what is the maximum dose that should not be exceeded?
When administering acetaminophen to children, what is the maximum dose that should not be exceeded?
Which factor influences the dosage of Methotrexate in pediatric patients according to the text?
Which factor influences the dosage of Methotrexate in pediatric patients according to the text?
What is a potential tetragenic risk associated with Methotrexate use in children according to the text?
What is a potential tetragenic risk associated with Methotrexate use in children according to the text?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Methotrexate use in children as mentioned in the text?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Methotrexate use in children as mentioned in the text?
In what type of malignancies is Methotrexate particularly used for in children according to the text?
In what type of malignancies is Methotrexate particularly used for in children according to the text?
What is a major contraindication for the use of Methotrexate in children as noted in the text?
What is a major contraindication for the use of Methotrexate in children as noted in the text?
What is a potential adverse effect of using amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) in patients with hepatic injury?
What is a potential adverse effect of using amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) in patients with hepatic injury?
In children, what is a common contraindication for the use of ampicillin?
In children, what is a common contraindication for the use of ampicillin?
What is a potential adverse effect of the medication when used in children with impaired renal function?
What is a potential adverse effect of the medication when used in children with impaired renal function?
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of piperacillin?
Which of the following is a therapeutic effect of piperacillin?
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with the medication use in pediatric patients?
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with the medication use in pediatric patients?
What factor affects the dosage adjustment of cephalosporins in children?
What factor affects the dosage adjustment of cephalosporins in children?
What is a contraindication for the use of this medication according to the text?
What is a contraindication for the use of this medication according to the text?
In pediatric patients, which adverse effect can be seen with the use of penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations?
In pediatric patients, which adverse effect can be seen with the use of penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations?
What is the primary contraindication for using aspirin in children?
What is the primary contraindication for using aspirin in children?
What is the therapeutic effect of the medication as mentioned in the text?
What is the therapeutic effect of the medication as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of high-dose aspirin use in pediatric patients?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of high-dose aspirin use in pediatric patients?
In children with renal impairment, what is the recommended maximum dosage frequency of the medication per day to avoid adverse effects?
In children with renal impairment, what is the recommended maximum dosage frequency of the medication per day to avoid adverse effects?
What is the therapeutic effect of aspirin as stated in the text?
What is the therapeutic effect of aspirin as stated in the text?
What is the recommended dosage range for aspirin in children for fever and pain?
What is the recommended dosage range for aspirin in children for fever and pain?
Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of using aspirin in children?
Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of using aspirin in children?
What is an important consideration when using acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?
What is an important consideration when using acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?
What is a potential adverse effect of using acetaminophen in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?
What is a potential adverse effect of using acetaminophen in pediatric patients with impaired renal function?
In which patient population should acetaminophen be used cautiously?
In which patient population should acetaminophen be used cautiously?
What is a potential therapeutic effect of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?
What is a potential therapeutic effect of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen in young children?
What is the recommended dosing frequency for acetaminophen in young children for fever control?
What is the recommended dosing frequency for acetaminophen in young children for fever control?
Which population is more likely to experience bleeding and other complications when taking antiplatelet drugs?
Which population is more likely to experience bleeding and other complications when taking antiplatelet drugs?
What is a common adverse effect associated with clopidogrel use?
What is a common adverse effect associated with clopidogrel use?
What is a contraindication for administering clopidogrel to children?
What is a contraindication for administering clopidogrel to children?
What is a therapeutic effect of clopidogrel in pediatric patients?
What is a therapeutic effect of clopidogrel in pediatric patients?
What is the maximum loading dose of clopidogrel recommended for patients 75 years of age and older?
What is the maximum loading dose of clopidogrel recommended for patients 75 years of age and older?
What is a potential adverse effect of clopidogrel use in pediatric patients?
What is a potential adverse effect of clopidogrel use in pediatric patients?
Why is caution necessary when prescribing clopidogrel to patients with hepatic impairment?
Why is caution necessary when prescribing clopidogrel to patients with hepatic impairment?
What is a potential adverse effect that may occur when adding clopidogrel to aspirin in people with atrial fibrillation?
What is a potential adverse effect that may occur when adding clopidogrel to aspirin in people with atrial fibrillation?
Study Notes
Ibuprofen
- Classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
- Onset of action typically occurs within 30 to 60 minutes after administration.
- Acts primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which decreases prostaglandin production.
- Patients with pre-existing renal impairment or dehydration are at highest risk for renal impairment due to ibuprofen usage.
- Older adults may require careful monitoring due to higher risks of gastrointestinal bleeding and renal issues when taking ibuprofen.
Controlled Substances
- Schedule III drugs, such as codeine and morphine, are used for pain relief but have potential for abuse.
- Drugs classified under Schedule IV have accepted medical use but also potential for abuse.
- Nursing responsibilities include ensuring proper documentation, security, and accurate patient education regarding controlled substances.
Pharmacokinetics
- Main pharmacokinetic process for drug absorption involves passive diffusion across biological membranes.
- Serum drug levels are measured to ensure efficacy while preventing toxicity.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Acetaminophen is classified as an analgesic and antipyretic medication.
- Generic name is paracetamol in many regions.
- Primarily metabolized by the liver; caution is required in patients with liver disease.
- Most effective antidote for acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine.
- Use with caution in patients with existing liver conditions, alcohol use disorder, or in those taking other hepatotoxic drugs.
Warfarin
- Main mechanism of action involves inhibiting Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis in the liver.
- Primarily excreted through the liver; renal impairment can affect its excretion and dosage.
- Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors affected by warfarin therapy.
Methotrexate and Pediatric Considerations
- Methotrexate is a folate antagonist used for certain cancers and autoimmune diseases in children.
- It carries a teratogenic risk and should be avoided in pregnant females or those planning pregnancy.
- Common adverse effects include myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity.
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin)
- Use in patients with hepatic injury may lead to increased risk of liver enzyme elevations.
- Common contraindications include a history of allergies to penicillin or cephalosporins.
Aspirin and Pediatric Use
- Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, particularly following viral infections.
- Therapeutic effects include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
- Recommended dosage range for children is typically based on weight for fever and pain management.
Clopidogrel
- Effective as an antiplatelet agent, but children can experience uncommon adverse effects.
- Maximum loading dose recommended for older patients is often lower due to increased bleeding risk.
- Caution is necessary with hepatic impairment due to altered drug metabolism and increased bleeding risk.
General Considerations
- Dosing discrepancies can occur based on factors such as age, weight, and organ function (e.g., renal).
- Careful consideration of drug interactions, contraindications, and patient-specific factors is crucial in medication administration and monitoring.
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