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Antibiotics and Antimicrobials

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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between a bactericidal and a bacteriostatic drug?

Bactericidal drugs are only effective against Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteriostatic drugs kill bacteria

Bactericidal drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria

Bacteriostatic drugs do not kill bacteria, but inhibit their growth (correct)

Which of the following is true about antibiotics?

Antibiotics are only produced by fungi

Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms (correct)

Antibiotics are only effective against bacteria

Antibiotics are synthetic agents

Which of the following is true about resistance plasmids (R plasmids, R factors)?

They replicate dependent on the bacterial chromosome.

They can only be transferred by transformation.

They are located within the bacterial chromosome.

They carry genes for enzymes that can degrade antibiotics. (correct)

What is the difference between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are active against one or very few types of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of transposons in resistance plasmids?

To disseminate resistance genes more rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics even if the drug is present in the body?

The drug cannot penetrate the abscess cavity effectively Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can organisms that are killed by penicillin become insensitive to the drug?

When they lose their cell walls and resynthesize them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism that bacteria use to become resistant to antibiotics?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of bacteria reducing permeability to a drug?

Changes in porins reducing the amount of penicillin entering the bacterium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of combining two drugs acting separately?

The effect is significantly greater than the sum of the effects of the two drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a drug combination that exhibits synergism?

Combination of a sulfonamide with trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effect of combining penicillin with a bacteriostatic drug?

The result is significantly lower activity than the sum of the activities of the two drugs alone Signup and view all the answers