Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following mechanisms allows bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics?
Which of the following mechanisms allows bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics?
- Modifying their cytoplasmic membrane to enhance interaction with antibiotics.
- Decreasing the production of peptidoglycan, strengthening the cell wall.
- Introducing transport proteins to facilitate antibiotic entry into the cell.
- Producing enzymes such as beta-lactamase to inactivate antibiotics. (correct)
Considering the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, what is a potential consequence of the overuse of antibiotics?
Considering the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, what is a potential consequence of the overuse of antibiotics?
- A reduction in the active efflux of antibiotics from bacterial cells.
- A decrease in bacterial mutation rates, leading to slower adaptation.
- An accelerated evolution of resistance mechanisms in bacterial populations. (correct)
- An increase in the effectiveness of antibiotics due to bacterial sensitization.
Which of the following cellular processes is NOT typically targeted by antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth or survival?
Which of the following cellular processes is NOT typically targeted by antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth or survival?
- Synthesis of peptidoglycan.
- Translation.
- Bacterial DNA replication
- Modification of the host cell's DNA. (correct)
What is the most likely outcome of a bacterial mutation that alters the ribosomal subunit targeted by an antibiotic?
What is the most likely outcome of a bacterial mutation that alters the ribosomal subunit targeted by an antibiotic?
If a new bacterial strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics and carries genes for several efflux pumps, what is the most concerning implication for treatment?
If a new bacterial strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics and carries genes for several efflux pumps, what is the most concerning implication for treatment?
Which of the following strategies would be least effective in combating antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following strategies would be least effective in combating antibiotic resistance?
If a drug inhibits nucleic acid replication by blocking topoisomerases, which function would be directly affected?
If a drug inhibits nucleic acid replication by blocking topoisomerases, which function would be directly affected?
Which mechanism of antibiotic resistance is exemplified by a bacterium that modifies its transport proteins to prevent antibiotic entry?
Which mechanism of antibiotic resistance is exemplified by a bacterium that modifies its transport proteins to prevent antibiotic entry?
How do bacteria commonly develop resistance to antibiotics that target protein synthesis?
How do bacteria commonly develop resistance to antibiotics that target protein synthesis?
What is the primary significance of the CDC's 2019 report on antibiotic-resistant threats?
What is the primary significance of the CDC's 2019 report on antibiotic-resistant threats?
Flashcards
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Drugs that kill bacteria or suppress their activity, targeting cell wall components unique to bacteria.
How Antibiotics Work
How Antibiotics Work
Stopping bacterial growth or killing bacteria without harming the human host.
Antibiotic Modes of Action
Antibiotic Modes of Action
Inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis, altering cytoplasmic membranes, altering translation, or inhibiting nucleic acid replication
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
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Three Basic Mechanisms of Vector Resistance
Three Basic Mechanisms of Vector Resistance
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Multiple-Drug-Resistant Microbes
Multiple-Drug-Resistant Microbes
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Beta-Lactam Ring
Beta-Lactam Ring
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Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycosides
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Study Notes
- Antibiotics function by either halting bacterial growth or eradicating bacteria without damaging human host.
- Most antibiotics target cell wall compositions unique to bacteria.
- Antibacterial medications are key in suppressing or killing bacteria due to antibiotic resistance evolution, and the development of new antibiotics is critical.
- Antibiotics work by:
- Inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis.
- Altering the microbial cytoplasmic membrane.
- Altering translation.
- Inhibiting nucleic acid replication by blocking topoisomerases which are essential for supercoiling, bacterial DNA replication, and separation of circular bacterial DNA or inhibiting transcription.
- There is an urgent need for new strategies to develop effective antibiotic drugs to overcome widespread and growing antibiotic resistance.
- Bacterial pathogens develop resistance to existing drugs, especially after excessive antibiotic use.
- Bacteria develop mutations which increase the ability of the bacterium to withstand the specific antibiotic mode of action.
- Some bacteria inactivate the drug and develop a pump mechanism to remove the antibiotic from the cell.
- Over 2.8 million antibiotic resistant infections occur in the US each year.
- More than 35,000 people die each year as a result of antibiotic resistant infections.
- The CDC's 2019 report details antibiotic resistant threats.
- Three basic mechanisms of vector resistance:
- Production of an enzyme to inactivate antibiotic such as beta lactamase to hydrolase penicillin.
- Mutations and the target site receptor of the enzyme, where the ribosomal subunit that leads to ineffective drug binding.
- Alteration in transport proteins to prevent antibiotic entry or promote active efflux from the cell.
- Multiple-drug-resistant microbes frequently develop in hospitals.
- Penicillin is most closely associated with a beta-lactam ring.
- Aminoglycosides act against protein synthesis.
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