Questions and Answers
What factors can affect how drugs enter the bloodstream?
How does the way a drug enters the body affect its absorption?
It impacts the rate it enters the bloodstream and the extent of the effect of the substance.
Alcohol requires digestion before it enters the bloodstream.
False
What is used to measure the amount of alcohol in the system?
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Where is most alcohol absorbed?
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Why is alcohol absorbed faster than food?
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List some factors that determine the rate of alcohol absorption.
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Higher alcohol concentration will lead to slower absorption.
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What effect does food have on alcohol absorption?
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Estimates for absorption are - on an empty stomach versus - on a full stomach.
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What accelerates the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream?
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Strong emotions can slow down alcohol absorption.
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What enzyme do women have less of that affects alcohol metabolism?
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Because females have less of this enzyme, up to _____ more alcohol may be absorbed into their bloodstream.
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The faster alcohol is consumed, the slower its effects will occur.
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How does the size of a drink affect its impact?
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At what rate do average individuals eliminate alcohol from their bodies?
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Blood alcohol level will continue to rise even if a person stops drinking.
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Why do people feel more sober after their blood alcohol level has peaked?
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How does the method of putting a drug into the system affect its absorption?
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Injection allows a drug to enter the bloodstream instantly.
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What does the rate of absorption depend on when swallowing a drug?
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What happens to substances when they are smoked?
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Smoking is a slower method of transferring substances to the brain than injection.
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Inhaling a substance is similar to which other method?
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A higher percentage of active ingredient in a drug usually leads to slower absorption.
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How are most drugs eliminated from the body?
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What are some key factors to remember about alcohol absorption?
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Study Notes
Drug Absorption
- Drug absorption effects vary by drug type, entry rate into the bloodstream, concentration, and other influencing factors.
- How a drug enters the body affects its absorption rate and overall effect.
- Alcohol does not require digestion, leading to faster absorption compared to food.
Alcohol Absorption
- Blood alcohol level (BAL) is measured by concentration rather than total content in the system.
- Approximately 70%-80% of alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine.
- Faster absorption of alcohol occurs since it does not need digestion, unlike food.
Factors Influencing Absorption Rate
- Key factors include alcohol strength, food presence, carbonation, other beverage ingredients, emotions, and gender.
- High alcohol-concentration beverages are absorbed quickly; however, excess 100-proof alcohol absorbs more slowly due to stomach irritation.
- Food slows absorption by coating the stomach and diluting alcohol rather than soaking it up.
Time Estimates
- Absorption estimates: 20-40 minutes on an empty stomach, 60-90 minutes on a full stomach.
- Carbonation accelerates alcohol absorption.
Emotional Effects
- Strong emotions like anger or stress can quicken the absorption of alcohol from the stomach.
Gender Differences
- Women have less alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down alcohol, leading to up to 30% more alcohol absorbed in their bloodstream compared to men.
Consumption Rate
- Faster alcohol consumption correlates with quicker and greater effects; larger drinks enhance effects.
Alcohol Elimination
- Average alcohol elimination rate is approximately 0.015 BAL per hour.
- Despite ceasing drinking, BAL may continue to rise temporarily.
Perception of Sobriety
- After drinking, individuals may perceive themselves as more sober than they actually are, influenced by previous impairment levels.
Drug Administration Methods
- Injection: Intravenous injection provides instant entry into the bloodstream.
- Swallowing: Absorption rate depends on drug type and food in the stomach.
- Smoking: Transfers substances to the brain rapidly, faster than injection or swallowing.
- Inhaling: Similar to smoking, resulting in quick absorption and action.
- Higher active ingredient percentage in a drug generally leads to faster bloodstream delivery.
Drug Elimination
- Drugs are metabolized or excreted; majority eliminated via kidneys in urine, some through saliva, sweat, or exhalation.
- Elimination rates vary significantly based on drug type and individual health conditions.
Summary of Alcohol Absorption
- Key points to remember: 70%-80% of alcohol absorbed in the small intestine; food slows absorption; strong emotions increase absorption rate; gender affects absorption efficiency.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to drug absorption and elimination with these flashcards. Each card focuses on essential terms and definitions that explain how drugs enter the body and their effects on the bloodstream. Ideal for students in pharmacology or related fields.
