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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of drums that can be placed on a standard pallet?
What should the capacity of the containment for scheduled waste be?
Containers should be stored horizontally for stability.
False
What equipment should be used to move containers?
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The storage area must be _____ or covered with suitable covering material.
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Smoking is allowed in the scheduled waste storage area.
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What type of personal protection equipment should waste handlers be provided with?
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How often should inspections of stored containers be carried out?
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The storage area should be graded to a _____ for proper drainage.
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Match the scheduled waste group with its consequence of mixing:
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What is the purpose of the chart provided in the content?
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All blanks in the chart indicate that the mixtures cannot result in hazards.
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The chart identifies hazards when mixing chemical wastes according to the _____ Schedule.
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Which of the following properties of waste are assessed? (Select all that apply)
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What should be worn when handling waste?
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What should be included on the labels for containers?
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Which of the following items is included in the scheduled wastes storage inspection checklist? (Select all that apply)
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In case of spillage, appropriate _____ must be taken to prevent personal injury.
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Visually inspecting containers for leakage is not necessary.
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Which of the following are responsibilities of waste generators according to the guidelines?
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Scheduled wastes can be stored indefinitely at any location.
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What forms of hazards must be communicated through labels for scheduled wastes?
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The guidelines for scheduled wastes management came into force on __________.
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What is the required storage capacity for scheduled waste containers?
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What must be ensured when selecting storage containers for scheduled wastes?
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Labelling requirements for scheduled waste containers are specified in Regulation 10.
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A waste generator may apply in writing to the Director General to store more than __________ metric tonnes of scheduled wastes.
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What is considered a secondary containment area?
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Which of the following characteristics must not be mixed together in storage?
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Study Notes
Foreword
- Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005 mandate proper packaging, labeling, and storage of hazardous wastes.
- Waste generators must manage temporary storage of scheduled wastes to prevent leakages and environmental contamination.
- Key factors include location selection, design of storage areas, container selection, and hazard communication.
Introduction
- Safe management of scheduled wastes is critical to protect human health and the environment.
- Proper labels communicate hazards associated with scheduled wastes to handlers.
- Waste generators are responsible for packaging wastes using suitable containers for safe handling, storage, and transport.
Scope
- Guidelines address legal requirements, site selection, design criteria for storage, container selection, labeling, and management of scheduled wastes.
Definition
- Waste Generator: Any individual or entity that produces scheduled wastes.
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Storage Types:
- On-site: Storage occurs within premises generating the waste.
- Off-site: Storage occurs in separate facilities not producing the waste.
- Container: Any device used for storing scheduled wastes.
- Labeling: Requirement to indicate details on containers, compliant with specific regulations.
Legal Requirements
- Regulation 8: Waste generators must ensure safe storage, treatment, and transport of scheduled wastes.
- Regulation 9: Containers must be compatible, durable, and designed to prevent environmental spills.
- Regulation 10: Containers must be labeled with pertinent information including waste characteristics, generator details, and appropriate waste codes.
Site Selection and Design Criteria
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On-site Storage:
- Choose a designated area, distanced from active processing sites.
- Avoid areas prone to flooding or heat sources.
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Off-site Storage:
- Locations must align with zoning guidelines and be situated in non-floodable industrial areas.
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Storage Area Design:
- Should be fenced, contain adequate signage, and feature impermeable floors with proper containment systems.
- Capacity should account for 25% extra and comply with maximum storage duration of 180 days.
Packaging and Labeling
- Identifying Waste Characteristics: Use sampling, analysis, and reference to safety data sheets to ascertain waste hazards.
- Container Selection: Must match scheduled waste traits to prevent reaction or degradation; containers include drums, bulk bags, and corrugated boxes.
- Ensure containers are in good condition, appropriately sized, and specifically assigned for particular waste types to reduce cross-contamination.
Hazardous Characteristics of Scheduled Wastes
- Types include corrosive, explosive, infectious, inflammable, organic peroxides, oxidizing substances, toxic materials, and hazardous mixtures.
- Proper precautions are critical when handling these wastes to mitigate risks.
Management Practices
- Store incompatible wastes separately in designated areas to prevent reactions.
- Maintain vigilance regarding storage conditions to ensure environmental safety and compliance with regulatory standards.### Suggested Packaging for Scheduled Wastes
- Bunghole Drum: Suitable for inorganic or organic liquid waste; should be without holes, bulges, or corrosion. Steel drums are not for corrosive wastes; plastic drums are compatible with most solvents except diethyl ether and chloroform.
- Open Top Drum with Cover: For solid waste like sludge and pharmaceuticals; must be free from holes and corrosion. Steel drums should not store acidic or alkaline waste.
- Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC): For waste streams such as oils, solvents, and acids; needs to be free from holes or cracks.
- Jerrican / Carboy: For inorganic or organic liquid wastes including chemical solvents; must not have holes or cracks.
- Containers for Clinical Waste: Designed specifically for clinical and pathogenic waste; must be free from holes or cracks.
- Corrugated Box / Carton: For dry solid waste in small quantities without free-flow liquids; includes e-waste and expired drugs; no tears or holes allowed.
- Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs): Optimal for dry solid waste without free-flow liquids; should ideally be high-density polyethylene and double-lined. Bags must not exceed 90% capacity before sealing.
Labelling Requirements
- Containers must have clear labels according to Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.
- Characteristic labels must be square (10 cm x 10 cm minimum), angled 45 degrees.
- Colour standards follow British Standard BS 381 C, with specific references for French blue, canary yellow, signal red, and light orange.
- Labels divided: upper half for pictorial symbols, lower half for text in block capitals. Text generally printed in black, or white for dark backgrounds.
- Labels can be stick-on, metal plates, stencilled, or printed directly on containers.
- Required label information includes waste generation date and waste generator details (name, address, phone number).
- Labels should withstand exposure to weather and utilize contrasting background colors.
Management of Scheduled Wastes
- Incompatible wastes must be stored in separate containers to avoid hazardous reactions.
- Secondary containment areas should be liquid-tight to manage spills.
- Containers should stay closed, only opened for waste addition or removal.
- Immediate action is necessary for leaking or compromised containers, requiring transfer to new containers.
- Adequate storage tanks for bulk liquids must comply with fire regulations and provide 110% containment capacity.
- Containers should be stored on pallets: maximum of 4 drums or 1 bag per standard pallet, with limited stacking tiers for safety.
- Aisle space should be maintained for equipment movement, emergency access, and inspections.
Safety and Training
- Use appropriate equipment like forklifts to handle containers; do not push or drag.
- Reactive wastes must be kept dry, with no smoking permitted in storage areas.
- Containers must be robust for transportation, securely fastened on pallets with proper wraps.
- Waste generators must provide a waste card with relevant information and ensure all employees handling wastes are trained in management protocols.
- Documented emergency procedures should be available for all employees involved in waste management.
Inspection Protocols
- Weekly inspections of stored containers are required, with findings logged for reference.
- A standard inspection checklist should be developed, updated, and kept on file.
- Immediate corrective actions must follow any issues detected during inspections.
- An accurate inventory of scheduled wastes must be maintained in compliance with regulations.### Scheduled Wastes of Potential Incompatibility
- Mixing wastes in different groups can lead to hazardous situations, including heat generation and violent reactions.
- Group 1-A (alkaline substances) and Group 1-B (acidic substances) can generate heat and violent reactions when mixed.
- Group 2-A (toxic substances) mixed with Group 2-B (flammable solvents) poses risks of fire or explosion.
- Reactive metals from Group 3-A mixed with Group 1 wastes can result in fires or explosions.
- Group 4 substances (alcohols) mixed with concentrated Group 1 wastes may generate flammable toxic gases.
- Group 5-A (reactive organic compounds) with concentrated Group 1 wastes can cause fire, explosion or violent reactions.
- Spent cyanide solutions from Group 6-A mixed with Group 1-B wastes produce toxic gases.
- Strong oxidizers from Group 7-A with organic acids (Group 7-B) can result in explosions or violent reactions.
Labelling Requirements for Scheduled Wastes
- Explosive Substances: Orange background with a black exploding bomb symbol (Label 1).
- Inflammable Liquids: Red background with black/white flame symbol (Label 2).
- Inflammable Solids: White background with vertical red stripes and a black flame symbol (Label 3).
- Spontaneously Combustible Solids: Bicolor background (top white, bottom red) with a black flame symbol (Label 4).
- Dangerous When Wet: Blue background with black/white flame symbol (Label 5).
- Oxidizing Substances: Yellow background with black flame over circle symbol (Label 6).
- Organic Peroxides: Same label as oxidizers (Label 7).
- Toxic Substances: White background with black skull over crossbones symbol (Label 8).
- Infectious Substances: White background with black crescents in a circle (Label 9).
- Corrosive Substances: Black symbol of liquids attacking hand/metal on a bicolor background (Label 10).
- Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances: White with black vertical stripes (Label 11).
Compatibility Chart for Chemical Mixtures
- Chemicals categorized into 21 reactivity groups based on their properties and potential reactions.
- Specific reactions can result in heat generation, fire, toxic gas production, or explosion.
- Mineral acids (Group 1) and organic acids (Group 3) have different consequences when mixed.
- Alcohols (Group 4) can be highly reactive, causing fire or toxic gas generation.
- Reactive metals (Group 21) can react violently or even undergo explosions when combined with acidic substances.
- Mixtures of certain metals and chemicals can result in innocuous gas generation or violent polymerization.
General Safety Notes
- Proper labeling and knowledge of waste compatibility are crucial for safety in handling scheduled wastes.
- Frequent reevaluation of storage and handling procedures is necessary to prevent hazardous incidents.
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Description
Learn about the proper storage and handling of scheduled waste, including the maximum number of drums on a standard pallet, containment capacity, and safety protocols.
