DNA Study Guide
20 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a codon?

  • A segment of tRNA that pairs with DNA
  • A sequence of four nucleotides in RNA
  • A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA (correct)
  • A type of amino acid structure

    • What would be the result of a deletion mutation?

  • A sequence of nucleotides is reversed
  • A nucleotide pair is mismatched
  • A segment of nucleotides is added
  • A sequence of nucleotides is removed (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a cause of mutations?

  • UV-light
  • Natural selection (correct)
  • Exposure to chemicals
  • Radiation

    • What is the purpose of the amino acids forming proteins?

    <p>To perform functions necessary for the organism's survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hershey and Chase conclude was the heredity material?

    <p>Bacteriophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mRNA?

    <p>To transfer genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence best describes the process of DNA replication?

    <p>Original DNA is preserved, it unzips, new nucleotides are added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nitrogen bases are classified as purines?

    <p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located within a cell, and what is its main function?

    <p>In the nucleus, to store genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does tRNA play in Protein Synthesis?

    <p>It transports amino acids to the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the transcription process?

    <p>RNA Polymerase unwinds the DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What composes the 'sides' of the DNA ladder structure?

    <p>Sugar-phosphate backbones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what role does DNA polymerase play?

    <p>It adds complementary nucleotides to the template strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a point mutation?

    <p>A change in a single base pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?

    <p>It ensures proper base pairing during replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of telomeres during DNA replication?

    <p>They protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence?

    <p>Silent mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when Okazaki fragments are joined together during DNA replication?

    <p>Lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome results from errors during DNA replication?

    <p>Mutations may occur in the DNA sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Study Guide

    • Hershey and Chase concluded bacteriophages contain hereditary material.
    • Watson and Crick discovered DNA's structure.
    • A bacteriophage is a virus with a protein coat surrounding DNA or RNA.
    • Erwin Chargaff discovered base pairing rules.
    • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
    • The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.
    • Purines are adenine and guanine; pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
    • DNA has a double helix shape.
    • The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphates and deoxyribose; bases pair to form the rungs. (A with T, and G with C).
    • DNA replication copies the original strand and happens after a new cell is created.
    • DNA is located in the nucleus and its purpose is to provide genetic information.
    • DNA makes mRNA through transcription for protein synthesis.
    • Transcription occurs in the nucleus; RNA polymerase unwinds DNA, releases mRNA, then detaches.
    • mRNA carries protein information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
    • RNA differs from DNA in having ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose and uracil instead of thymine.

    Protein Synthesis

    • Proteins are made up of amino acids (around 20).
    • Protein synthesis involves mRNA and a chain of amino acids.
    • Ribosomes use mRNA as instructions to produce proteins.
    • tRNA acts as an adaptor bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome.
    • Codons (3 nucleotides) are found on mRNA and anticodons (3 nucleotides) are on tRNA.
    • A sequence of mRNA codons translates to a sequence of amino acids.

    Mutations

    • Mutations are changes in an organism's DNA or chromosomes.
    • Mutations can cause disabilities for genotype and/or phenotype.
    • Mutations can result from radiation, chemicals, UV light, and X-rays.
    • DNA is crucial for organisms because it holds genetic information essential for evolution.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Biology Chapter 8 DNA Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to DNA, including its structure, discovery, and replication processes. You'll explore important findings by scientists like Hershey, Chase, Watson, and Crick, as well as the roles of nucleotides and various types of RNA. Test your understanding of genetic material and its significance in biology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser