DNA Structure and Nucleotide Basics
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Questions and Answers

What components make up a nucleotide?

  • Phosphate, Amino acid, Nitrogen base, Sugar
  • Nitrogen base, Sugar group, Amine group, Phosphate
  • Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogen-containing base (correct)
  • Deoxyribose sugar, Ribose sugar, Nitrogen base, Phosphate

    • Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in DNA?

  • Adenine pairs with Guanine and Thymine pairs with Cytosine
  • Cytosine pairs with Adenine and Guanine pairs with Thymine
  • Adenine pairs with Cytosine and Thymine pairs with Guanine
  • Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (correct)

    • What structure did Watson and Crick discover about DNA?

  • Single strand with random nucleotide arrangement
  • Ring structure with alternating sugar and phosphate
  • Linear structure with a sugar-phosphate backbone
  • Double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside (correct)

    • Which scientist contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure through X-ray images?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chargaff's rules, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>The amount of Adenine is equal to the amount of Thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Structure

    • DNA is a molecule containing genetic information.
    • It is found in all living organisms (plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria).
    • DNA is made of a long chain of nucleotides.
    • A nucleotide has three parts: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

    Nucleotide Structure

    • Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA.
    • Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
      • The bases are either purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine).

    Base Pairing

    • The bases pair up in a specific way: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).
    • These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds.

    DNA's Double Helix Structure

    • DNA is a double helix.
    • The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the helix.
    • The nitrogenous bases are on the inside, paired together.
    • The structure is stabilized by covalent and hydrogen bonds.

    Discovery of DNA Structure

    • Watson and Crick determined DNA's three-dimensional structure using models.
    • Their work built on the research of Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff.
      • Franklin's X-ray diffraction images suggested DNA was a double helix.
      • Chargaff's rules stated that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of DNA, including its molecular structure and the role of nucleotides as building blocks. Understand base pairing and the significance of the double helix configuration. This quiz will test your knowledge on the genetic blueprint of life.

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