DNA Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What crucial role does DNA play in cell function?

  • It directly transports nutrients to the cell.
  • It synthesizes proteins.
  • It stores information necessary for controlling cell function. (correct)
  • It regulates metabolic pathways.

    • What phenomenon can result from mutations in genes?

  • Inherited disorders. (correct)
  • Decreased lifespan of cells.
  • Improved nutrient absorption.
  • Increased energy production.

    • How does DNA contribute to the variation among species?

  • By storing cellular energy.
  • By enabling the replication of genetic information. (correct)
  • By enhancing mutation rates.
  • By controlling protein synthesis.

    • What is a consequence of DNA replication during cell division?

    <p>Each new cell receives a copy of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the structure of DNA allow it to undergo?

    <p>Mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to study DNA?

    <p>X-ray crystallography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key finding was made by Rosalind Franklin about DNA?

    <p>It is a double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant contribution of Watson and Crick to the study of DNA?

    <p>They created the first model of DNA structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Watson and Crick publish their findings on DNA structure?

    <p>1953</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who shared the Nobel Prize with Watson and Crick in 1963?

    <p>M. Wilkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Erwin Chargaff use to separate and quantify the nucleotides of DNA?

    <p>Paper chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chargaff's findings, which of the following is true about adenine and thymine?

    <p>The number of adenine molecules equals the number of thymine molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Chargaff's research, which nucleotide's amount is found to be equal to cytosine?

    <p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the nucleotide percentages reported by Chargaff for different species?

    <p>The amounts of nucleotides are unique to each species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the table, which species has the highest percentage of adenine?

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural shape does DNA have?

    <p>Double-stranded helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the deoxyribose sugar and phosphates in the DNA backbone?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are found between G and C base pairs?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chargaff's pairing rule, what base pairs with adenine (A)?

    <p>Thymine (T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pair of complementary bases in DNA?

    <p>Base pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a pair of nitrogenous bases that are always found together in DNA?

    <p>Base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

    <p>To ensure each daughter cell has identical DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anti-parallel' refer to in the context of DNA strands?

    <p>Strands that run in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur before cell division regarding DNA?

    <p>DNA replication must take place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is NOT part of a DNA molecule's structure?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule called?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for separating the two strands of DNA during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of replication model describes the formation of each new DNA molecule consisting of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand?

    <p>Semi-conservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when new nucleotides bond to the existing DNA strands during replication?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of the DNA replication process?

    <p>Two identical DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How fast does DNA polymerase add new nucleotides during DNA replication?

    <p>50 per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approximately is the total number of base pairs in the human genome?

    <p>3 billion base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long would it take for only one polymerase to copy the entire human genome?

    <p>3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the origins of replication on chromosomes?

    <p>Replication bubbles form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual time it takes to copy the DNA in a human cell?

    <p>8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

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