DNA Structure and Discovery
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Questions and Answers

What key observation by Erwin Chargaff was essential to understanding DNA base pairing?

  • All bases pair arbitrarily within the DNA structure.
  • Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine.
  • Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. (correct)
  • The number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines.

    • What did the phosphoric acid and sugar molecules form in the DNA structure model?

  • The uprights of the ladder (correct)
  • The rungs of the ladder
  • The base pairs
  • The hydrogen bonds

    • Which individual's work was critical in producing the clear image of DNA, yet received limited recognition at the time?

  • Rosalind Franklin (correct)
  • James Watson
  • Maurice Wilkins
  • Francis Crick

    • Which statement best describes the relationship between Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins during their work together?

    <p>Their relationship was strained, affecting their collaboration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials did Crick and Watson use to construct their 3D model of DNA?

    <p>Paper and metal plates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the discovery of the DNA double helix a significant scientific breakthrough in the 20th century?

    <p>It explained the mechanism of inheritance on a molecular level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who among the following was NOT awarded the Nobel Prize alongside Crick and Watson for the discovery of the DNA structure?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Rosalind Franklin's major contribution to the understanding of DNA?

    <p>She produced a clear X-ray diffraction image of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the discovery of the double helix structure impact the understanding of DNA replication?

    <p>It revealed that each DNA strand serves as a template for a new strand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial aspect of the DNA structure did Franklin's Photograph 51 reveal to Watson and Crick?

    <p>The helical shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Double Helix

    The structure of DNA, resembling a twisted ladder.

    Photograph 51

    An X-ray image of DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin.

    Base Pairing

    Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

    Crick and Watson

    Scientists who built the DNA double helix model in 1953.

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    Maurice Wilkins

    Collaborated with Franklin, shared her photo with Crick and Watson.

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    Erwin Chargaff

    Scientist who discovered base pairing rules for DNA.

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    Nobel Prize 1962

    Awarded to Crick, Watson, and Wilkins for DNA structure work.

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    Molecular Biology

    Field of science that studies the structure and function of molecules in DNA.

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    3D Model

    Physical representation built by Crick and Watson to depict DNA.

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    Rosalind Franklin

    X-ray crystallographer whose work was critical for DNA discovery.

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    Study Notes

    DNA Structure and Discovery

    • DNA structure resembles a twisted ladder (double helix)
    • Phosphoric acid and sugar form the "uprights" of the ladder
    • Paired "bases" form the "rungs" of the ladder
    • Bases pair specifically (A with T, C with G)
    • Base pairing order forms the genetic code
    • DNA "unzips" to replicate, creating two identical strands

    Key Scientists and Contributions

    • Franklin's X-ray diffraction images (Photograph 51) crucial for confirming the double helix model
    • Watson and Crick built a 3D model from various materials
    • Franklin's work was not fully acknowledged
    • Chargaff's observations on equal ratios of A-T and G-C crucial in demonstrating base pairing
    • Watson and Crick's discovery marks significant advancement in molecular biology
    • Nobel Prize awarded in 1962 to Watson, Crick, and Wilkins (Franklin had died in 1958)

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    Description

    Explore the intricate details of DNA structure, including its double helix formation and the role of key scientists in its discovery. Learn about the contributions of Franklin, Watson, Crick, and Chargaff in shaping our understanding of genetics. This quiz covers fundamental concepts essential for students in molecular biology.

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