DNA Sequencing Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?

  • To study the structure of RNA molecules.
  • To produce genetically modified organisms.
  • To determine the base sequence of DNA fragments that have been cloned and purified in the laboratory. (correct)
  • To analyze protein-protein interactions.

    • Which method of DNA sequencing is more commonly used today?

  • Chain termination (Sanger sequencing) method. (correct)
  • Agarose gel electrophoresis method.
  • Chemical degradation method.
  • Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

    • What is the principle underlying the chain termination method of DNA sequencing?

  • Double-stranded DNA molecules are amplified using PCR.
  • Single-stranded DNA molecules that differ in length by just a single nucleotide can be separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. (correct)
  • DNA fragments are labeled with fluorescent tags.
  • DNA is denatured using heat.

    • When were two separate methods for sequencing DNA developed?

    <p>1977</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in DNA sequencing?

    <p>To separate single-stranded DNA molecules that differ in length by just a single nucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two methods for sequencing DNA developed in 1977?

    <p>Chain termination (Sanger sequencing) method and the chemical degradation method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)?

    <p>To sequence DNA more quickly and at a lower cost than traditional Sanger sequencing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components required for Sanger DNA sequencing?

    <p>DNA template, primer, DNA polymerase, deoxynucleotides, and dideoxynucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dideoxynucleotides in Sanger DNA sequencing?

    <p>To terminate DNA strand elongation at specific nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Next Generation DNA sequencing (NGS) over Sanger sequencing?

    <p>Enables the interrogation of hundreds to thousands of genes at one time in multiple samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is associated with an optical detection system for nucleotide incorporation during DNA synthesis in NGS?

    <p>Automated cycle sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for determining the nucleotide sequence of a gene of interest?

    <p>DNA sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequencing technology is considered as a gold standard?

    <p>Sanger sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a successful sequencing experiment?

    <p>Understanding of PCR and gel electrophoresis techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the primer in Sanger DNA sequencing?

    <p>To initiate DNA synthesis at the unknown DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is known for its capacity for proper protein folding, assembly, and post-translational modification?

    <p>Mammalian cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is associated with the production of most vaccines?

    <p>Bacterial cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell line is commonly used in the production of recombinant protein pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Immortalized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main disadvantage associated with mammalian cell cultures for protein production?

    <p>Expensive production process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the principal contaminants of cell culture mentioned in the text?

    <p>Both biological and chemical contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture offers the possibility of high-concentration of target compounds and rapid production of biomass?

    <p>Plant cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used system for the production of recombinant proteins for clinical applications?

    <p>Mammalian cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell culture system is known for its continuous production capability?

    <p>Plant cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is associated with the production of biopharmaceuticals using immortalized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells?

    <p>Mammalian cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is known for its easier extraction protocols and reduced need for aggressive solvents?

    <p>Plant cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is known for its capacity for rapid biomass production?

    <p>Plant cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell culture is known for being the dominant system for the production of recombinant proteins for clinical applications?

    <p>Mammalian cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bioreactor in biotechnology?

    <p>To scale up the growth of cells and production of biopharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the bacterial life cycle involves the bacteria learning to use available food and turning on appropriate genes for growth?

    <p>Lag phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of understanding the bacterial life cycle in bioproduct production?

    <p>Optimizing the production process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of cell culture in biotechnology?

    <p>Growing cells under controlled conditions outside their natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the commonly used bioreactors for scaling up cell growth and biopharmaceutical production?

    <p>Continuous stirred-tank reactor, Air-lift bioreactor, Fixed-bed bioreactor, Hollow fiber perfusion bioreactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of biotechnology's dependence on cell cultivation techniques?

    <p>To obtain bioproducts, biologics, and biopharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment?

    <p>Cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the phase in the bacterial life cycle where the bacteria turn on the appropriate genes for growth?

    <p>Lag phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are heavily used in biotechnology for the production of bioproducts, biologics, and biopharmaceuticals?

    <p>Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bioreactors in biotechnology?

    <p>Scaling up the growth of cells and production of biopharmaceuticals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding how bacteria grow in bioproduct production?

    <p>Optimizing the production process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of cell culture in biotechnology?

    <p>Growing cells under controlled conditions outside their natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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