CH 1: DNA: Location, Structure, and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What technique did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins use to study DNA's molecular structure?

  • Spectroscopy
  • Chromatography
  • X-ray diffraction (correct)
  • Electron microscopy

    • Who proposed the double helix model of DNA in 1953?

  • Maurice Wilkins
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • James Watson and Francis Crick (correct)
  • Gregor Mendel

    • What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?

  • Van der Waals forces
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Covalent bonds
  • Ionic bonds

    • What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>Genetic information storage and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) and translating mRNA into proteins known as?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains DNA inherited maternally and plays a critical role in energy production?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are made of DNA and histones, organizing and compacting the DNA within the cell nucleus?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental molecule responsible for the genetic blueprint of life?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the groundbreaking discovery made by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953?

    <p>The proposal of the double helix model of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nitrogenous base pairs correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?

    <p>Adenine - Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory regions in DNA's function?

    <p>Controlling the expression of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA contribute to cellular differentiation in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Through the regulatory regions that control gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process underscores the central dogma of molecular biology involving DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein synthesis?

    <p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two strands of DNA together in a double helix structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to study DNA's molecular structure?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT found in a nucleotide of DNA?

    <p>Sugar molecule (ribose)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases critical during cell division?

    <p>It allows for accurate copying of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do hydrogen bonds play in the structure of DNA?

    <p>They hold together the two DNA strands in a double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to the nucleus, where else can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular organelle contains DNA essential for photosynthesis in plants?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins help organize and compact DNA within the cell nucleus?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nuclear DNA in eukaryotic organisms?

    <p>Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of chloroplast DNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular location houses the majority of genetic information dictating an organism's characteristics in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of histones in relation to DNA within the cell nucleus?

    <p>Organization and compaction of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular organelle is DNA inherited maternally and involved in energy production?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distribution of DNA across different cellular locations in living organisms?

    <p>Highlights central roles in genetic inheritance and cellular metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the collaborative effort between Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, James Watson, and Francis Crick that marked a turning point in molecular biology in 1953?

    <p>Proposing the double helix model of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a nucleotide's components in DNA?

    <p>Phosphate group, sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and two nitrogenous bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, what is the function of regulatory regions?

    <p>Controlling gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in living organisms?

    <p>Storing and transmitting genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the process of protein synthesis relate to the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>It follows the central dogma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>Stabilizing the DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pairing correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?

    <p>(A-T) (G-C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the sequence of nitrogenous bases along the DNA strand crucial?

    <p>To encode genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of DNA's structure in accurate copying during cell division?

    <p>Maintaining complementary base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transcription, what is the direct result of converting DNA into mRNA?

    <p>Synthesis of complementary RNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases within DNA strands essential for?

    <p>Maintaining the double helix structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist's work directly led to the proposal of the double helix model of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of regulatory regions in DNA?

    <p>Controlling gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in DNA to form a stable base pair?

    <p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do phosphate groups play in the structure of DNA?

    <p>Form the backbone of the DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is DNA considered the fundamental molecule responsible for the genetic blueprint of life?

    <p>Due to its ability to store, transmit, and execute genetic information within living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to the nucleus, where can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell?

    <p>Playing a critical role in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Enabling photosynthesis by converting light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the distribution of DNA across different cellular locations?

    <p>Underlines its central role in genetic inheritance and cellular metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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