CH 1: DNA: Location, Structure, and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What technique did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins use to study DNA's molecular structure?

  • Spectroscopy
  • Chromatography
  • X-ray diffraction (correct)
  • Electron microscopy

Who proposed the double helix model of DNA in 1953?

  • Maurice Wilkins
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • James Watson and Francis Crick (correct)
  • Gregor Mendel

What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?

  • Van der Waals forces
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)
  • Covalent bonds
  • Ionic bonds

What is the primary function of DNA?

<p>Genetic information storage and transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) and translating mRNA into proteins known as?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains DNA inherited maternally and plays a critical role in energy production?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are made of DNA and histones, organizing and compacting the DNA within the cell nucleus?

<p>Chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental molecule responsible for the genetic blueprint of life?

<p>DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the groundbreaking discovery made by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953?

<p>The proposal of the double helix model of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nitrogenous base pairs correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?

<p>Adenine - Thymine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory regions in DNA's function?

<p>Controlling the expression of genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA contribute to cellular differentiation in multicellular organisms?

<p>Through the regulatory regions that control gene expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process underscores the central dogma of molecular biology involving DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein synthesis?

<p>Transcription and translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holds the two strands of DNA together in a double helix structure?

<p>Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to study DNA's molecular structure?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found in a nucleotide of DNA?

<p>Sugar molecule (ribose) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases critical during cell division?

<p>It allows for accurate copying of genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrogen bonds play in the structure of DNA?

<p>They hold together the two DNA strands in a double helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the nucleus, where else can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular organelle contains DNA essential for photosynthesis in plants?

<p>Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell?

<p>Energy production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins help organize and compact DNA within the cell nucleus?

<p>Histones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nuclear DNA in eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Genetic information storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of chloroplast DNA in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular location houses the majority of genetic information dictating an organism's characteristics in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histones in relation to DNA within the cell nucleus?

<p>Organization and compaction of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular organelle is DNA inherited maternally and involved in energy production?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the distribution of DNA across different cellular locations in living organisms?

<p>Highlights central roles in genetic inheritance and cellular metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the collaborative effort between Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, James Watson, and Francis Crick that marked a turning point in molecular biology in 1953?

<p>Proposing the double helix model of DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a nucleotide's components in DNA?

<p>Phosphate group, sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and two nitrogenous bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In DNA, what is the function of regulatory regions?

<p>Controlling gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of DNA in living organisms?

<p>Storing and transmitting genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of protein synthesis relate to the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>It follows the central dogma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases in DNA?

<p>Stabilizing the DNA molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pairing correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA?

<p>(A-T) (G-C) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sequence of nitrogenous bases along the DNA strand crucial?

<p>To encode genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of DNA's structure in accurate copying during cell division?

<p>Maintaining complementary base pairing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In transcription, what is the direct result of converting DNA into mRNA?

<p>Synthesis of complementary RNA strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases within DNA strands essential for?

<p>Maintaining the double helix structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's work directly led to the proposal of the double helix model of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of regulatory regions in DNA?

<p>Controlling gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in DNA to form a stable base pair?

<p>Guanine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do phosphate groups play in the structure of DNA?

<p>Form the backbone of the DNA strand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA considered the fundamental molecule responsible for the genetic blueprint of life?

<p>Due to its ability to store, transmit, and execute genetic information within living organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the nucleus, where can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell?

<p>Playing a critical role in energy production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

<p>Enabling photosynthesis by converting light energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the distribution of DNA across different cellular locations?

<p>Underlines its central role in genetic inheritance and cellular metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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