36 Questions
What is the main application of repetitive sequences in DNA?
DNA fingerprinting
What is the difference between bulk DNA and satellite DNA?
Satellite DNA is highly repetitive
How many genes are found on the Y-chromosome?
231 genes
What is the purpose of DNA fingerprinting in forensic medicine?
To match DNA samples of suspects to reach the criminals
What is the genetic disorder that can be detected with genomic sequence?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the technique used to separate repetitive DNA sequences from bulk genomic DNA?
Density gradient centrifugation
What percentage of the genome is similar among humans?
99.9%
What is the purpose of restriction digestion in DNA fingerprinting?
To cut DNA into multiple fragments
What is the result of autoradiography in DNA fingerprinting?
A banding pattern
What is the main application of DNA fingerprinting in forensic science?
Criminal identification
What is the term for the repetitive DNA sequences used in DNA fingerprinting?
VNTR
What is the purpose of DNA isolation in DNA fingerprinting?
To obtain a biological sample
What is the primary function of satellite DNA in DNA fingerprinting?
To determine the characteristic of an individual's DNA
What is the characteristic of Short Tandem Repeats (STR)?
Repeat unit size is 2-6 base pairs
What is polymorphism in the context of genetics?
An inheritable mutation observed in a population at a high frequency
What is the difference between Microsatellite and Minisatellite?
Microsatellite has 2-6 base pairs repeating units, while Minisatellite has 10-100 base pairs
What is the purpose of DNA fingerprinting?
To determine the characteristic of an individual's DNA
Who discovered the technique of DNA fingerprinting?
Sir Alec Jeffreys
What is the primary function of the operator in the lac operon?
To bind the repressor protein
Which level of gene regulation is affected by the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
Processing level
What is the term for the system where the polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common promoter and regulatory protein?
Operon
Which lac gene codes for the β-galactosidase enzyme?
lacZ
What is the term for the process of converting genetic information stored in the DNA into protein within the cell?
Gene expression
What is the term for the promoter of the inhibitory gene in the lac operon?
Pi
What is the primary function of the 5' cap in post-transcriptional modification?
To protect the transcript from enzyme attack
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
The type of RNA formed
What is the role of transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?
To regulate gene expression
What is the purpose of the poly A tail in post-transcriptional modification?
To protect the transcript from enzyme attack
What is the characteristic of the RNA formed in prokaryotic transcription?
Polycistronic only
What is the difference between introns and exons in a transcription unit?
Introns are non-coding and exons are coding
What is the role of rho factor in transcription?
To release RNA from RNA polymerase
What is the result of encountering a terminator sequence during RNA synthesis?
The RNA is released from RNA polymerase
During RNA synthesis, what is the direction of transcription?
From 5' to 3' on the DNA template
What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA?
To protect the RNA from degradation
What is the role of the initiator tRNA in translation?
To bring the first amino acid to the ribosome
What is the result of the splicing process during post-transcriptional modification?
The removal of introns and joining of exons
Explore the steps involved in DNA fingerprinting, including DNA isolation, restriction digestion, and Southern blot. Learn how DNA fingerprinting is used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles.
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