Molecuar Basis of Inheritance

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What is the main application of repetitive sequences in DNA?

Tracing human history
Disease detection
Cancer cell diagnosis
DNA fingerprinting (correct)

What is the difference between bulk DNA and satellite DNA?

Satellite DNA is more dense
Satellite DNA is highly repetitive (correct)
Bulk DNA is not found in humans
Satellite DNA has a lower number of repetitive units

How many genes are found on the Y-chromosome?

5000 genes
1000 genes
231 genes (correct)
2968 genes

What is the purpose of DNA fingerprinting in forensic medicine?

To match DNA samples of suspects to reach the criminals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic disorder that can be detected with genomic sequence?

Sickle cell anemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique used to separate repetitive DNA sequences from bulk genomic DNA?

Density gradient centrifugation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the genome is similar among humans?

99.9% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of restriction digestion in DNA fingerprinting?

To cut DNA into multiple fragments (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of autoradiography in DNA fingerprinting?

A banding pattern (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of DNA fingerprinting in forensic science?

Criminal identification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the repetitive DNA sequences used in DNA fingerprinting?

VNTR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA isolation in DNA fingerprinting?

To obtain a biological sample (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of satellite DNA in DNA fingerprinting?

To determine the characteristic of an individual's DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Short Tandem Repeats (STR)?

Repeat unit size is 2-6 base pairs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is polymorphism in the context of genetics?

An inheritable mutation observed in a population at a high frequency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Microsatellite and Minisatellite?

Microsatellite has 2-6 base pairs repeating units, while Minisatellite has 10-100 base pairs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA fingerprinting?

To determine the characteristic of an individual's DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the technique of DNA fingerprinting?

Sir Alec Jeffreys (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the operator in the lac operon?

To bind the repressor protein (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which level of gene regulation is affected by the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Processing level (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the system where the polycistronic structural gene is regulated by a common promoter and regulatory protein?

Operon (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which lac gene codes for the β-galactosidase enzyme?

lacZ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting genetic information stored in the DNA into protein within the cell?

Gene expression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the promoter of the inhibitory gene in the lac operon?

Pi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 5' cap in post-transcriptional modification?

To protect the transcript from enzyme attack (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

The type of RNA formed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

To regulate gene expression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the poly A tail in post-transcriptional modification?

To protect the transcript from enzyme attack (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the RNA formed in prokaryotic transcription?

Polycistronic only (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between introns and exons in a transcription unit?

Introns are non-coding and exons are coding (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rho factor in transcription?

To release RNA from RNA polymerase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of encountering a terminator sequence during RNA synthesis?

The RNA is released from RNA polymerase (B) Signup and view all the answers

During RNA synthesis, what is the direction of transcription?

From 5' to 3' on the DNA template (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA?

To protect the RNA from degradation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the initiator tRNA in translation?

To bring the first amino acid to the ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the splicing process during post-transcriptional modification?

The removal of introns and joining of exons (A) Signup and view all the answers