DNA Double Helix and Base Pairing Quiz

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Which nitrogenous base in RNA pairs with adenine?

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Thymine (T)

Uracil (U) (correct)

What is the main focus of bioinformatics?

Deciphering DNA sequences of single genes

Analyzing large sets of genes (correct)

Comparing whole genomes of different species

Studying protein structures

What was a significant outcome of the Human Genome Project?

Successful cloning of extinct species

Discovery of a new type of RNA

Identification of new nitrogenous bases

Development of rapid DNA sequencing methods (correct)

What does proteomics involve the analysis of?

Large sets of proteins Signup and view all the answers

In terms of DNA sequences, what do closely related species exhibit?

High similarity in DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What technique was first developed in the 1970s for decoding gene sequences?

DNA sequencing techniques Signup and view all the answers

What transformation did genomics and proteomics bring to biological inquiry?

Transformation in handling large genome data Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bioinformatics in the context of genomics?

Interpreting vast amounts of genome data computationally Signup and view all the answers

Why is uracil present in RNA instead of thymine?

To avoid thymine's tendency to form unnatural base pairs. Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA sequencing primarily aim to accomplish?

Deciphering the complete base sequence of an organism's genome. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding is responsible for pairing adenine with thymine in DNA?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

In a DNA double helix, how do the two backbones run in relation to each other?

Antiparallel Signup and view all the answers

What is the pairing rule for guanine in DNA?

Always pairs with cytosine Signup and view all the answers

How many cytosines are present in a 1 million base fly genome if there are 350,000 cytosines?

200,000 Signup and view all the answers

In RNA molecules, how are the bases usually arranged?

Single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleic acid provides directions for its own replication?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gene expression, what is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Directs protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell during protein synthesis?

Translate mRNA into amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a gene and the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

Genes encode the amino acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

How do nucleotides contribute to the structure of polynucleotides?

Nucleotides create hydrogen bonds to link together to form polynucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of complementary pairing in RNA molecules?

Facilitates the decoding of genes by uncovering base sequences Signup and view all the answers

How does bioinformatics utilize computational approaches in genomics?

To compare whole genomes of different species Signup and view all the answers

What does the analysis of polypeptide sequence data assist in determining?

The evolutionary kinship among different organisms Signup and view all the answers

In genomics, what does the analysis of large sets of genes primarily involve?

Comparisons of whole genomes of different species Signup and view all the answers

How does the understanding of the relationship between DNA and amino acid sequences contribute to biological inquiry?

By facilitating the assessment of evolutionary kinship Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

Nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group, while nucleoside only has a nitrogenous base and sugar. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes purines?

Purines have a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring structure. Signup and view all the answers

How are adjacent nucleotides joined in nucleotide polymers?

Via covalent bonds between the -OH group on the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and phosphate on the 5' carbon of the next. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between deoxyribose and ribose sugars?

Ribose has an additional hydroxyl group compared to deoxyribose. Signup and view all the answers

In DNA or mRNA polymers, what creates the sugar-phosphate backbone?

The covalent bonds between the -OH group and phosphate group. Signup and view all the answers