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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA and RNA is correct?
Which of the following best describes the role of the three types of RNA in protein synthesis?
Which of the following statements about the nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA is correct?
According to the base pair rule in DNA, which of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases are correctly matched?
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Which of the following statements about the monomers of DNA and RNA is correct?
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Which of the following statements about the location of DNA and RNA in eukaryotic cells is correct?
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Study Notes
- DNA and RNA are the only two types of nucleic acids, consisting of long organic macromolecules containing carbon.
- Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA and RNA, always including a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine in DNA; adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil in RNA).
- DNA nucleotides pair adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine, following the base pair rule.
- Adenine and guanine are purines with a double-ring structure, while thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines with a single-ring structure.
- DNA is a double-stranded molecule forming a double helix linked by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases, as described by Watson and Crick in 1953.
- RNA is always single-stranded and found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, unlike DNA which is only found in the nucleus.
- DNA contains the hereditary information for building proteins, while RNA uses this information to synthesize proteins through three types: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
- mRNA transcribes protein-building instructions from DNA, rRNA translates these instructions at ribosomes, and tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental aspects of DNA and RNA, including their structures, nucleotides, base pairing, differences, and functions in protein synthesis. Learn about purines, pyrimidines, the double helix structure of DNA, and the various types of RNA involved in protein production.
