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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of geothermal energy?

  • Nuclear reactions
  • Hot rocks near the Earth's surface (correct)
  • Solar radiation
  • Wind currents

    • Which of the following is an advantage of geothermal power?

  • Requires high maintenance costs
  • Produces significant waste products
  • It is dependent on weather conditions
  • Renewable and reliable (correct)

    • Which disadvantage is associated with geothermal energy?

  • Easily accessible in all regions
  • Extremely expensive to provide
  • Involves minimal technical challenges
  • Requires great expertise (correct)

    • What is a consequence of the heat energy in geothermal energy processes?

    <p>Changes water to steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the kinetic theory of matter, what is true about molecules?

    <p>They are in continuous motion as they possess kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes intermolecular attraction forces according to the kinetic theory?

    <p>They exist between molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does kinetic energy relate to the movement of molecules?

    <p>Kinetic energy enables continuous movement of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

    <p>g.p.e = m × g × h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the spaces between molecules according to the kinetic theory?

    <p>Intermolecular spaces separate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does work done measure?

    <p>The product of force and distance moved by the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy, which type is defined as 'energy due to motion'?

    <p>Kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what location is the pressure greater due to depth in a fluid?

    <p>At a lower point in the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a scalar quantity?

    <p>Work done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines precision in measurements?

    <p>The closeness of measurements to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit measures work done?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy involves the conversion during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which relationship holds true for density and temperature?

    <p>Density can vary with changes in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To float on a liquid, what must be true about an object's density?

    <p>It must be lower than the liquid's density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the density of water is represented as ρ, which symbol represents the gravitational strength?

    <p>g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quantity is NOT considered a scalar?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the water pressure at a certain point in a fluid?

    <p>Both atmospheric pressure and water pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do solids and liquids generally compare to gases in terms of density?

    <p>They have higher densities due to closely packed atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a spring experiences elastic deformation, what type of energy is stored?

    <p>Strain energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for mass?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the length is measured in kilometers, how can it be converted to meters?

    <p>Multiply by 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to one variable if another variable decreases in a directly proportional relationship?

    <p>It also decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure power in the SI unit system?

    <p>Watt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion factor for turning megajoules into joules?

    <p>Multiply by 1,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes how the particles of a medium behave in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a wave describes the maximum displacement from the mean position?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the frequency of a wave decreases while traveling in the same medium, what happens to the wavelength?

    <p>Wavelength increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency of a wave?

    <p>Speed is directly proportional to wavelength and inversely proportional to frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a wave is reflected, which of the following properties remain unchanged?

    <p>Frequency, wavelength, and speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accurately defines the periodic time (T) for a wave?

    <p>T is the time needed to complete one cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to wave speed when it moves from a less dense medium to a denser medium?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are wavefronts in the context of wave theory?

    <p>Imaginary lines drawn perpendicular to the direction of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate speed based on distance and time?

    <p>v = 2d/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What steps are necessary to measure frequency using an oscilloscope?

    <p>Connect to the sound source, adjust to see at least one wave, and count squares for T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the time base of an oscilloscope is set to 0.002s per square and 1 complete wave is 7 squares, what is the time period T?

    <p>0.014s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to electromagnetic waves compared to mechanical waves?

    <p>They can travel through a vacuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum compare to that of sound waves?

    <p>Electromagnetic waves travel faster than sound waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sound measurement, what do you measure to determine the speed of sound?

    <p>The distance and the echo time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between frequency (F) and time period (T)?

    <p>F = 1/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave are electromagnetic waves classified as?

    <p>Transverse waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electric current measured in?

    <p>Amperes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of current flows in one constant direction?

    <p>Direct current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is used to measure voltage in a circuit?

    <p>Voltmeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the resistance of a metal wire?

    <p>Voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?

    <p>As length increases, resistance increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a variable resistor?

    <p>To change resistance and control current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ohm’s Law, what is the relationship between voltage and current?

    <p>Voltage is directly proportional to current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for measuring resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geothermal Energy

    • The primary source of geothermal energy is the Earth's internal heat.
    • An advantage of geothermal power is that it is a renewable energy source.
    • A disadvantage of geothermal energy is that it can be costly to develop and maintain geothermal power plants.
    • A consequence of the heat energy in geothermal energy processes is the release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

    Kinetic Theory of Matter

    • According to the kinetic theory of matter, molecules are in constant random motion.
    • Intermolecular attraction forces are the forces that hold molecules together.
    • Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the movement of molecules: higher kinetic energy means faster movement.

    Energy and Work

    • The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh, where PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
    • Spaces between molecules are constantly changing according to the kinetic theory.
    • Work done measures the amount of energy transferred when a force causes an object to move a certain distance.
    • Kinetic energy is defined as "energy due to motion."

    Pressure, Density, and Scalars

    • Pressure is greater at a greater depth in a fluid due to the weight of the fluid above.
    • A scalar quantity has magnitude only: examples include speed, mass, and temperature.
    • Precision in measurements refers to the closeness of repeated measurements to each other.
    • The unit that measures work done is the joule (J).

    Chemical Reactions and Density

    • Chemical energy involves the conversion during a chemical reaction.
    • Density generally decreases with increasing temperature.
    • To float on a liquid, an object's density must be less than the density of the liquid.
    • The symbol for gravitational strength is represented by "g."

    Pressure and Density of Fluids

    • Velocity is NOT considered a scalar quantity; it has both magnitude and direction.
    • Water pressure at a certain point is contributed to by the weight of the water above it.
    • Solids and liquids are generally denser than gases.

    Elastic Deformation and Units

    • When a spring experiences elastic deformation, it stores potential energy.
    • The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg).
    • To convert kilometers to meters, multiply by 1000, as 1 km = 1000 m.

    Proportions, Power and Conversion Factors

    • If one variable decreases in a directly proportional relationship, the other variable will also decrease proportionally.
    • The SI unit for power is the watt (W).
    • To convert megajoules (MJ) to joules (J), multiply by 1,000,000, as 1 MJ = 1,000,000 J.

    Waves and Their Properties

    • In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
    • Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its mean position.
    • If the frequency of a wave decreases while traveling in the same medium, its wavelength increases.
    • The relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency of a wave is: speed = wavelength x frequency.
    • When a wave is reflected, its speed, frequency, and wavelength remain unchanged.
    • The periodic time (T) for a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle to pass a given point.
    • When a wave moves from a less dense medium to a denser medium, its speed decreases.
    • Wavefronts are lines or surfaces that connect points of a wave that are in the same phase of oscillation.
    • The formula to calculate speed based on distance and time is: speed = distance / time.

    Oscilloscopes and Wave Characteristics

    • To measure frequency using an oscilloscope, you need to measure the time period (T) of one complete wave and then use the formula: frequency (f) = 1 / T.
    • If the time base of an oscilloscope is set to 0.002s per square and 1 complete wave is 7 squares, the time period T is 0.014s.
    • Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel, unlike mechanical waves.
    • The speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is much faster than that of sound waves.
    • To determine the speed of sound, measure the distance traveled by the sound wave and the time it takes.
    • The relationship between frequency (F) and time period (T) is: F = 1/T.

    Electromagnetic Waves and Electric Current

    • Electromagnetic waves are classified as transverse waves.
    • Electric current is measured in amperes (A).
    • Direct current (DC) flows in one constant direction.
    • A voltmeter is used to measure voltage in a circuit.
    • The cross-sectional area of a metal wire does NOT affect its resistance.
    • The longer the wire, the higher its resistance.
    • A variable resistor is used to control the amount of resistance in a circuit.
    • According to Ohm’s Law, voltage is directly proportional to current.
    • The unit for measuring resistance is the ohm (Ω).

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