Respiratory System BMS CLASS

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What is the average blood pH level?

7.50

7.60

7.30

7.40 (correct)

How do the body's cells use O2?

For converting nutrients into energy (correct)

For eliminating acidity

For producing ATP

For producing carbon dioxide

What happens if the blood pH is above 7.45?

Normal pH level

Alkalemia (correct)

No impact on the body

Acidemia

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body Signup and view all the answers

What do large amounts of CO2 produce?

Acidity Signup and view all the answers

How do the cardiovascular and respiratory systems cooperate?

To supply O2 and eliminate CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to homeostasis in the body through gas exchange?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

What helps adjust the pH of body fluids?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur?

In the alveoli and capillary walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Filter, warm, and moisten air Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures are included in the upper respiratory system?

Nose, pharynx, and associated structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the larynx?

Providing a resonating chamber for speech sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachea?

Conducting air into the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Where is the carina located?

At the level of T5 where the trachea divides into the primary bronchi Signup and view all the answers

As bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, what structural change occurs?

Mucous membrane changes from ciliated columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of respiration?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchial arteries in the lungs?

Perfuse the bronchi and bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What causes air to flow into the lungs during inhalation?

Decreased pressure inside the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillary basement membrane in the lungs?

Assisting in gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which gas has a higher solubility in water, leading to more of it staying in solution in body fluids?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the volume of air remaining in the lungs that cannot be measured?

Residual volume Signup and view all the answers

During which step of respiration does the exchange of gases occur between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries?

External respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pneumotaxic area in the respiratory system?

Regulates the rhythm of the inspiratory area Signup and view all the answers

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apneustic area in the respiratory system?

Stimulates the inspiratory area to activate and prolong inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the medullary rhythmicity area in the respiratory system?

In control of the basic rhythm of respiration Signup and view all the answers

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located in the respiratory system?

Carotid bodies Signup and view all the answers

What does the pneumotaxic area help to regulate in the respiratory system?

Duration of each inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflex is the inflation (Hering-Breuer) reflex in the respiratory system?

Protective reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cortical influences on respiration?

Voluntary control of respiratory pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of internal respiration?

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic capillaries and tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects the rate of diffusion in pulmonary and systemic gas exchange?

Molecular weight and solubility of the gases Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of inhaled O2 is dissolved in blood plasma?

1.5% Signup and view all the answers

What determines how much O2 binds to hemoglobin?

Partial pressure of O2 (PO2) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hemoglobin's affinity for O2 as acidity increases?

Affinity for O2 decreases Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in temperature affect the amount of O2 released from hemoglobin?

Amount of O2 released increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) in RBC?

Helps unload O2 from hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main forms in which CO2 is transported in blood?

Dissolved CO2, carbamino compounds, bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers