30 Questions
What is the term used to describe the ratio of solute concentration in two immiscible solvents?
Distribution ratio
How does lipid solubility change as the distribution coefficient (P) increases?
It increases
In what system does the distribution of benzoic acid between two immiscible liquids have an impact?
Oil-water system
How does the distribution coefficient affect the concentration of benzoic acid in the aqueous phase?
Decreases it
What role does the partition coefficient play in extraction processes between two solvents?
Influences the amount extracted
How does the difference in nature between GIT fluids and membranes impact drug distribution?
It facilitates drug distribution throughout the body
How can we improve the dissolution rate according to the text?
Increasing S
What property of a solution does not depend on the identity of the solute particles according to the text?
Vapor pressure
Why does a solution with a solute have a lower vapor pressure compared to the pure solvent?
The solute particles hinder solvent evaporation.
What does the decrease in a solution's vapor pressure depend on?
The number of solute particles in solution
Which method could decrease the viscosity of a medium according to the text?
Increasing temperature
What would happen to a solution's vapor pressure if more solute particles are added?
It would decrease
What is the driving force for diffusion in a solution according to Fick's first law?
Concentration gradient
Which parameter is the flux of drug directly proportional to, based on the information provided?
Diffusion coefficient (D)
What does the Noyes Whitney equation represent?
Rate of dissolution of the solute
In drug dissolution, what does Cs represent according to the text?
Solubility of drug in the dissolution medium
Which process involves the movement of a drug from its dosage form into biological fluids according to the information provided?
Diffusion
What needs to happen for a drug to reach the blood after dissolution according to the text?
Pass through biological membranes
What is the relationship between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent?
The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
What factor influences the magnitude of boiling-point elevation in a solution?
The number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent
Why do water molecules need more energy to escape from ions in a solution?
Due to attractive forces between ions and water molecules
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane
Why must IV solutions, nasal irrigations, and contact lenses rinsing be isotonic?
To prevent swelling and bursting or shrinkage of cells
What happens when an external salt solution concentration is higher than that within a cell?
Water will move out of the cell causing shrinkage
Why do we spread salt on the roads in winter?
To disrupt the formation of ice by withdrawing kinetic energy
What is freezing-point depression?
The decrease in temperature at which a solution freezes compared to the pure solvent
Which factor determines the magnitude of freezing-point depression?
The number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent
What effect does boiling-point elevation have on vapor pressure?
It decreases vapor pressure
Why does additional kinetic energy need to be added to raise the vapor pressure of a solution to atmospheric pressure?
To initiate boiling by reaching atmospheric pressure
Which salt would be more effective for putting on icy roads, NaCl or CaCl2?
CaCl2 because it disrupts ice formation better
Learn about the distribution of solutes between two immiscible liquids when an excess of solute is added to the mixture. Understand how each phase acquires a portion of the solute based on their properties.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
