Distribution of Solutes Between Immiscible Solvents
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the ratio of solute concentration in two immiscible solvents?

  • Solvent coefficient
  • Separation factor
  • Distribution ratio (correct)
  • Concentration coefficient
  • How does lipid solubility change as the distribution coefficient (P) increases?

  • It remains constant
  • It fluctuates
  • It increases (correct)
  • It decreases
  • In what system does the distribution of benzoic acid between two immiscible liquids have an impact?

  • Water-water system
  • Oil-water system (correct)
  • Oil-oil system
  • Gas-liquid system
  • How does the distribution coefficient affect the concentration of benzoic acid in the aqueous phase?

    <p>Decreases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the partition coefficient play in extraction processes between two solvents?

    <p>Influences the amount extracted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the difference in nature between GIT fluids and membranes impact drug distribution?

    <p>It facilitates drug distribution throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we improve the dissolution rate according to the text?

    <p>Increasing S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of a solution does not depend on the identity of the solute particles according to the text?

    <p>Vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a solution with a solute have a lower vapor pressure compared to the pure solvent?

    <p>The solute particles hinder solvent evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the decrease in a solution's vapor pressure depend on?

    <p>The number of solute particles in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method could decrease the viscosity of a medium according to the text?

    <p>Increasing temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to a solution's vapor pressure if more solute particles are added?

    <p>It would decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force for diffusion in a solution according to Fick's first law?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is the flux of drug directly proportional to, based on the information provided?

    <p>Diffusion coefficient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Noyes Whitney equation represent?

    <p>Rate of dissolution of the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drug dissolution, what does Cs represent according to the text?

    <p>Solubility of drug in the dissolution medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of a drug from its dosage form into biological fluids according to the information provided?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to happen for a drug to reach the blood after dissolution according to the text?

    <p>Pass through biological membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent?

    <p>The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the magnitude of boiling-point elevation in a solution?

    <p>The number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do water molecules need more energy to escape from ions in a solution?

    <p>Due to attractive forces between ions and water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must IV solutions, nasal irrigations, and contact lenses rinsing be isotonic?

    <p>To prevent swelling and bursting or shrinkage of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an external salt solution concentration is higher than that within a cell?

    <p>Water will move out of the cell causing shrinkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we spread salt on the roads in winter?

    <p>To disrupt the formation of ice by withdrawing kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is freezing-point depression?

    <p>The decrease in temperature at which a solution freezes compared to the pure solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the magnitude of freezing-point depression?

    <p>The number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does boiling-point elevation have on vapor pressure?

    <p>It decreases vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does additional kinetic energy need to be added to raise the vapor pressure of a solution to atmospheric pressure?

    <p>To initiate boiling by reaching atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salt would be more effective for putting on icy roads, NaCl or CaCl2?

    <p>CaCl2 because it disrupts ice formation better</p> Signup and view all the answers

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