Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of decentralized algorithms in distributed systems?
What is a pitfall to avoid when developing distributed systems?
What is a characteristic of Clustered Systems Architecture?
What is an example of a Distributed Computing System?
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What is the main difference between Clustered Systems and Grid Computing Systems?
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What is an advantage of Distributed Computing Systems?
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What is a key benefit of cloud computing in terms of security?
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What is a characteristic of ubiquitous systems?
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What is a key feature of cloud computing services?
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What is a characteristic of mobile devices in mobile computing?
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What is a key concept in distributed systems?
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What is a key challenge in distributed system development?
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What is the primary function of middleware in a distributed system?
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What is the main advantage of distributed systems in terms of scalability?
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What is the primary goal of transparency in a distributed system?
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What is the characteristic of decentralized algorithms in a distributed system?
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What is an example of a scalability limitation in a distributed system?
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What is the pitfall of distributed system development related to security and privacy?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
- Low risk of data loss due to centralization, but control over sensitive data is a concern
- Readily consumable services that are easy to adopt and ready-to-use
- Examples: Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, IBM Enterprise Data Center, MS Windows Azure, SUN Cloud Computing
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
- Role of a TP monitor in distributed systems
- Enterprise Application Integration
- Communication Middleware Models/Paradigm
- Distributed File Systems
- Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
- Distributed Objects (RMI)
- Distributed Documents
- Ubiquitous Systems
Ubiquitous Systems
- Networked, distributed, and accessible devices in a transparent manner
- Interaction between users and devices with context awareness
- Autonomous devices with high self-management
- Intelligent system handling dynamic actions and interactions
Mobile Computing
- Devices with changing location over time
- Implies discovery of local services, reachability, etc.
Pitfalls in Distributed Systems
- Assuming network reliability, security, homogeneity, and fixed topology
- Assuming zero latency, infinite bandwidth, and zero transport cost
- Assuming a single administrator
Types of Distributed Systems
- Distributed Computing Systems (High Performance Computing, HPC)
- Distributed Information Systems (Transaction Processing Systems, TPS, and Enterprise Application Integration, EAI)
- Distributed Pervasive Systems (Ubiquitous Systems)
Clustered Systems Architecture
- Collection of similar workstations/PCs connected by high-speed LAN
- Each node runs the same OS in a homogeneous environment
- Excellent for parallel programming
- Examples: Linux-based Beowulf clusters, MOSIX (from Hebrew University)
Grid Computing Systems
- Collection of computer resources from multiple parties and locations
- Users can share access to combined power
- Examples: EGEE - Enabling Grids for E-SciencE (Europe), Open Science Grid (USA)
Definition of a Distributed System
- Multiple connected CPUs working together
- A collection of independent/autonomous computers appearing as a single coherent system
- Computing element/node can be either hardware device or software process
- Examples: parallel machines, networked machines
Middleware
- Enables distributed parts of the same application to communicate
- Offers each application the same interface
- Middleware to distributed system = operating system to a computer
Design Goals of Distributed Systems
- Easily connect users/resources
- Exhibit distribution transparency
- Support openness
- Be scalable in size, geographically, and administratively
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: communication and resource sharing, economics, reliability, scalability, and potential for incremental growth
- Disadvantages: distribution-aware PLs, OSs and applications, network connectivity essential, security and privacy
Transparency in a Distributed System
- Access transparency: hide differences in data representation and access
- Location transparency: hide where a resource is located
- Migration transparency: hide that a resource may move to another location
- Relocation transparency: hide that a resource may be moved to another location while in use
- Replication transparency: hide that a resource may be shared by several competitive users
- Concurrency transparency: hide that a resource may be shared by several competitive users
- Failure transparency: hide the failure and recovery of a resource
- Persistence transparency: hide whether a resource is in memory or on disk
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Description
Test your understanding of distributed systems, including their definition, characteristics, and examples. Learn about the concept of multiple connected CPUs working together and autonomous computers that appear as a single coherent system.
