Disinfectants in Industry and Wound Treatment

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What is the percentage of CH2O in a formaldehyde solution?

45-50% w/w

30-35% w/w

40-45% w/w

34-38% w/w (correct)

Why is methyl alcohol present in formaldehyde solution?

To increase its sporicidal action

To delay polymerization (correct)

To enhance its virucidal activity

To reduce its reactivity with DNA

What is the mode of action of formaldehyde?

It interacts with lipid molecules by attaching to hydrophilic heads

It interacts with protein molecules by attaching to amide and carboxyl groups

It interacts with nucleic acid bases by attaching to phosphate groups

It interacts with protein molecules by attaching to amide and amino groups (correct)

What is the activity of formaldehyde vapour affected by?

Aldehyde concentration, temperature, and relative humidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of formaldehyde liquid in the production of certain viral vaccines?

As a virucidal agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of glutaraldehyde solution?

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Iodophores over free iodine?

They do not stain skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the carrier in Iodophores?

To solubilize iodine and improve its wetting capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of iodine that is slowly liberated from Iodophores upon dilution with water?

80-90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Hypochlorite solutions and Organic Chlorine compounds (Choramines)?

Organic Chlorine compounds release free chlorine more slowly Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of iodine in Lugol's Solution?

5% solution in aqueous solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of Dakin's solution?

Treatment of wounds in wars Signup and view all the answers

What are the two regions found in the molecular structure of surface active agents?

One hydrophilic and one hydrophobic group Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of anionic agents that affects their surface activity?

They dissociate into a large complex anion and a smaller cation Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of carbon atoms required in one of the R groups of a Quaternary ammonium compound for it to have high antimicrobial activity?

C8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cationic agents that affects their detergent properties?

They have weak detergent properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the general structure of cationic agents?

R1R2+NR4XR3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of strong detergent properties in anionic agents?

They have weak antimicrobial properties except in high concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of formaldehyde on bacterial cells?

It interacts with cell proteins, RNA, and DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of formaldehyde-releasing agent?

Ethylene oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using paraformaldehyde as a source of formaldehyde?

It does not produce contaminating residues Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of elevated temperatures on melamine formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde?

They produce sterilizing amounts of gaseous formaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of methanol in formalin (formaldehyde solution)?

It is a contaminating residue produced during operation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is NOT a disinfectant mentioned in the text?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range at which esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid are active?

pH 7-8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of undecenoic acid?

In the treatment of superficial dermatophytoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pH on the activity of benzoic acid?

It is inactivated at pH above 5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid?

They are more active against Gram negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide?

It decomposes giving a reactive form of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of vanillic acid esters required for antifungal properties?

0.1-0.2 % Signup and view all the answers