Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the highest level of resistance to microbial control?
Which of the following is the highest level of resistance to microbial control?
- Bacterial endospores (correct)
- Protozoan cysts
- Enveloped viruses
- Fungal spores
Which of the following is NOT a method of microbial control for use on fomites?
Which of the following is NOT a method of microbial control for use on fomites?
- Antisepsis (correct)
- Sterilization
- Aseptic technique
- Disinfection
Which term describes the process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens?
Which term describes the process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens?
- Sanitization
- Degerming
- Disinfection (correct)
- Sterilization
What is the term for the destruction of spores?
What is the term for the destruction of spores?
Which metal is commonly used in fixtures to kill microbes on frequently touched surfaces?
Which metal is commonly used in fixtures to kill microbes on frequently touched surfaces?
What is the irreversible condition caused by bioaccumulation of silver in the body called?
What is the irreversible condition caused by bioaccumulation of silver in the body called?
Which disinfectant is commonly used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which disinfectant is commonly used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside incubators?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside incubators?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
What is the purpose of a HEPA filter?
What is the purpose of a HEPA filter?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical disinfectant?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical disinfectant?
What is the main function of heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
What is the main function of heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
Which method of sterilization uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132°C to 134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
Which method of sterilization uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132°C to 134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for milk and targets enteric bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for milk and targets enteric bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli?
Which method of sterilization uses ionizing radiation to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of sterilization uses ionizing radiation to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of sterilization uses nonionizing radiation with a wavelength between 100 and 400nm, and is commonly used in laboratories to sterilize equipment?
Which method of sterilization uses nonionizing radiation with a wavelength between 100 and 400nm, and is commonly used in laboratories to sterilize equipment?
Which type of disinfectant is broken down by catalase in tissue, resulting in a superoxide radical toxic to bacteria?
Which type of disinfectant is broken down by catalase in tissue, resulting in a superoxide radical toxic to bacteria?
Which level of germicide has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization?
Which level of germicide has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization?
What makes a chemical agent a good disinfectant or antiseptic?
What makes a chemical agent a good disinfectant or antiseptic?
What technique is used to determine the effectiveness of a chemical disinfectant on a surface by exposing standardized cultures to the chemical agent and transferring them to a growth medium?
What technique is used to determine the effectiveness of a chemical disinfectant on a surface by exposing standardized cultures to the chemical agent and transferring them to a growth medium?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
What did the compound 606 target?
What did the compound 606 target?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who showed the efficacy of penicillin as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials?
Who showed the efficacy of penicillin as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials?
Which method of microbial control is fast, reliable, and inexpensive?
Which method of microbial control is fast, reliable, and inexpensive?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control kills bacteria by coagulating/denaturing proteins?
Which method of microbial control kills bacteria by coagulating/denaturing proteins?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
Which method of microbial control kills bacteria by oxidizing cellular components?
Which method of microbial control kills bacteria by oxidizing cellular components?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which method of microbial control is used to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
Which method of microbial control is used to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
What is the process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens called?
What is the process of killing or inhibiting the growth of pathogens called?
What is the term for a protocol that significantly reduces microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
What is the term for a protocol that significantly reduces microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used in hospitals, factories, and the purification of water?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used in hospitals, factories, and the purification of water?
What is the main function of alkylating agents as sterilizing agents?
What is the main function of alkylating agents as sterilizing agents?
What is the main limitation of gases, such as ethylene oxide, as sterilizing agents?
What is the main limitation of gases, such as ethylene oxide, as sterilizing agents?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
Which type of filter is commonly used to remove microorganisms from air and water samples for water quality testing?
Which type of filter is commonly used to remove microorganisms from air and water samples for water quality testing?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
Which type of microorganism is more susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics?
Which type of microorganism is more susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
What does the phenol coefficient (PC) measure in testing the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
What does the phenol coefficient (PC) measure in testing the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the purpose of the in-use test for disinfectants in a clinical setting?
What is the purpose of the in-use test for disinfectants in a clinical setting?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
What did the compound 606 target?
What did the compound 606 target?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of pasteurization uses a holding (batch) method, where the milk is heated at 63°C for 30 minutes?
Which method of pasteurization uses a holding (batch) method, where the milk is heated at 63°C for 30 minutes?
Which method of pasteurization uses high temperatures of 71.6°C for 15 seconds and is the most commonly used method?
Which method of pasteurization uses high temperatures of 71.6°C for 15 seconds and is the most commonly used method?
Which method of pasteurization uses ultra high temperatures of 140°C for 3 seconds and is used for organic milk since the product has to travel longer?
Which method of pasteurization uses ultra high temperatures of 140°C for 3 seconds and is used for organic milk since the product has to travel longer?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which method of microbial control is used to significantly reduce microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
Which method of microbial control is used to significantly reduce microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
Which of the following is the main purpose of antiseptics?
Which of the following is the main purpose of antiseptics?
Which of the following is the correct definition of disinfection?
Which of the following is the correct definition of disinfection?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as a disinfectant?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as a disinfectant?
Which of the following is an example of an organic compound used as a disinfectant?
Which of the following is an example of an organic compound used as a disinfectant?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
Which method of sterilization uses ethylene oxide gas to sterilize heat-sensitive items like catheters and optical equipment?
Which method of sterilization uses ethylene oxide gas to sterilize heat-sensitive items like catheters and optical equipment?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of filter used to remove microorganisms from a solution or gas?
Which of the following is NOT a type of filter used to remove microorganisms from a solution or gas?
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical used for disinfection?
Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical used for disinfection?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of phenolic compounds as disinfectants?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of phenolic compounds as disinfectants?
Which method of microbial control uses free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for organic milk and involves heating at 140°C for 3 seconds?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for organic milk and involves heating at 140°C for 3 seconds?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of microbial control uses UV rays to limit airborne and surface contamination?
Which method of microbial control uses UV rays to limit airborne and surface contamination?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to treat wounds, scrapes, and abrasions?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to treat wounds, scrapes, and abrasions?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents against microbes?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents against microbes?
What is the in-use test used for in a clinical setting?
What is the in-use test used for in a clinical setting?
Who was the first to discover a naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin, in 1928?
Who was the first to discover a naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin, in 1928?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Which antimicrobial compound was soon to be used against tuberculosis?
Which antimicrobial compound was soon to be used against tuberculosis?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin?
Which metal commonly lines incubators to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside?
Which metal commonly lines incubators to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside?
Which metal is active against chlorophyll-obtaining organisms, especially algae, and is used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies?
Which metal is active against chlorophyll-obtaining organisms, especially algae, and is used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies?
Which metal is commonly found in eating utensils in small amounts to inhibit microbial growth?
Which metal is commonly found in eating utensils in small amounts to inhibit microbial growth?
Which metal is commonly used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which metal is commonly used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which method of microbial control destroys bacteria?
Which method of microbial control destroys bacteria?
Which method of microbial control is used to prevent contamination of sterile surfaces?
Which method of microbial control is used to prevent contamination of sterile surfaces?
Which method of microbial control reduces microbial populations to safe levels as determined by public health standards?
Which method of microbial control reduces microbial populations to safe levels as determined by public health standards?
Which method of microbial control kills or inhibits the growth of pathogens, but does not lead to sterilization?
Which method of microbial control kills or inhibits the growth of pathogens, but does not lead to sterilization?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nonionizing radiation?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
What is the purpose of a HEPA filter?
What is the purpose of a HEPA filter?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132-134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132-134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
What is the primary purpose of pasteurization?
What is the primary purpose of pasteurization?
Which method of microbial control uses low temperatures to slow spoilage by lowering the metabolic rate of microorganisms?
Which method of microbial control uses low temperatures to slow spoilage by lowering the metabolic rate of microorganisms?
Which type of radiation does not kill bacterial endospores, inactivate viruses, or neutralize toxins?
Which type of radiation does not kill bacterial endospores, inactivate viruses, or neutralize toxins?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
Which type of microorganism is more susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics?
Which type of microorganism is more susceptible to disinfectants and antiseptics?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
Which type of germicide is effective against endospores and certain viruses?
Which type of germicide is effective against endospores and certain viruses?
What factors should be considered when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What factors should be considered when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
What is the purpose of the disk-diffusion method in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents?
What does the in-use test determine in a clinical setting?
What does the in-use test determine in a clinical setting?
Who was the first to discover a naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin?
Who was the first to discover a naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
What is the active breakdown product of prontosil in the body?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
Who discovered the synthetic chemical dye prontosil?
Which antimicrobial compound was soon to be used against tuberculosis?
Which antimicrobial compound was soon to be used against tuberculosis?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to treat wounds, scrapes, and abrasions?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to treat wounds, scrapes, and abrasions?
What is the main function of alkylating agents as sterilizing agents?
What is the main function of alkylating agents as sterilizing agents?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
What is the minimal time necessary for killing a population at a given temperature known as?
What is the minimal time necessary for killing a population at a given temperature known as?
Which type of heat kills bacteria by oxidizing cellular components?
Which type of heat kills bacteria by oxidizing cellular components?
What is the temperature and pressure required for autoclaving, a method of moist heat sterilization?
What is the temperature and pressure required for autoclaving, a method of moist heat sterilization?
Which of the following methods of microbial control leads to sterilization?
Which of the following methods of microbial control leads to sterilization?
Which of the following is an example of an antiseptic?
Which of the following is an example of an antiseptic?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which of the following is the least resistant to microbial control?
Which of the following is the main purpose of disinfection?
Which of the following is the main purpose of disinfection?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of phenolic compounds as disinfectants?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of phenolic compounds as disinfectants?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for organic milk and involves heating at 140°C for 3 seconds?
Which method of pasteurization is commonly used for organic milk and involves heating at 140°C for 3 seconds?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which method of microbial control uses radiating dry heat for sterilization?
Which category of disinfectants has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization, with extended use?
Which category of disinfectants has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization, with extended use?
What is the main factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the main factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
Which method is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe by applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks?
Which method is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe by applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks?
What is the purpose of the in-use test in a clinical setting?
What is the purpose of the in-use test in a clinical setting?
Who discovered the first synthetic antimicrobial, Arsphenamine (Salvarsan), which targeted syphilis?
Who discovered the first synthetic antimicrobial, Arsphenamine (Salvarsan), which targeted syphilis?
Which antimicrobial drug was the first to be commercially available and effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Which antimicrobial drug was the first to be commercially available and effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin, in 1928?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial, penicillin, in 1928?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic' and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1952?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic' and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1952?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin, and coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin, and coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Which metal is commonly used in fixtures like door handles to kill microbes on frequently touched surfaces?
Which metal is commonly used in fixtures like door handles to kill microbes on frequently touched surfaces?
What is the irreversible condition caused by the bioaccumulation of silver in the body?
What is the irreversible condition caused by the bioaccumulation of silver in the body?
Which metal commonly lines incubators to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside?
Which metal commonly lines incubators to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside?
Which metal is commonly found in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which metal is commonly found in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which type of microbial control method uses heat above the maximal range for microbial growth to destroy cellular enzymes?
Which type of microbial control method uses heat above the maximal range for microbial growth to destroy cellular enzymes?
What is the minimal time necessary for killing a population at a given temperature called?
What is the minimal time necessary for killing a population at a given temperature called?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat as pressurized steam at a temperature of 121°C for 15-20 minutes?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat as pressurized steam at a temperature of 121°C for 15-20 minutes?
Which type of microbial control method kills bacteria by coagulating/denaturing proteins?
Which type of microbial control method kills bacteria by coagulating/denaturing proteins?
Which method of microbial control is used to completely destroy or remove all living microbes, spores, and viruses on an object or in an area?
Which method of microbial control is used to completely destroy or remove all living microbes, spores, and viruses on an object or in an area?
Which method of microbial control is used to significantly reduce microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
Which method of microbial control is used to significantly reduce microbial numbers by using mild chemicals and gentle scrubbing of a small area of skin or tissue?
Which method of microbial control kills or inhibits the growth of pathogens, but does not lead to sterilization?
Which method of microbial control kills or inhibits the growth of pathogens, but does not lead to sterilization?
Which method of microbial control is used for the application of chemicals to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
Which method of microbial control is used for the application of chemicals to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
Which category of chemical disinfectants has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization?
Which category of chemical disinfectants has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the primary factor to consider when selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic?
What is the purpose of the phenol coefficient (PC) test in evaluating the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the purpose of the phenol coefficient (PC) test in evaluating the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which method of microbial control uses moist heat without pressurized steam, with free flowing steam at 100°C for 30 minutes on each of three consecutive days?
Which type of radiation is commonly used to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and preserve food?
Which type of radiation is commonly used to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and preserve food?
What is the disk-diffusion method used for in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents against microbes?
What is the disk-diffusion method used for in evaluating the effectiveness of chemical agents against microbes?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132-134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam at a temperature of 132-134°C for as little as 4 minutes?
Which type of radiation causes the formation of thymine dimers in DNA, leading to lethal mutations in exposed microbes?
Which type of radiation causes the formation of thymine dimers in DNA, leading to lethal mutations in exposed microbes?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which metal is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies as an antimicrobial agent?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
Which method of microbial control uses pressurized steam as moist heat?
What is the main function of heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
What is the main function of heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
Who synthesized the first chemical that kills pathogens?
Which antimicrobial drug was effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Which antimicrobial drug was effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin?
Who examined soil and isolated actinomycin, streptomycin, and neomycin?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Which metal is commonly used to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside incubators?
Which metal is commonly used to minimize contamination of cell cultures stored inside incubators?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used in swimming pools, fish tanks, and municipal water supplies?
Which type of disinfectant is active against Gram positive and negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
Which type of disinfectant is active against Gram positive and negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
Which type of disinfectant is used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which type of disinfectant is used in antiseptic mouthwashes?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
Which method of microbial control uses heat applied above the maximal range for microbial growth, destroying cellular enzymes, which become irreversibly denatured?
What is the purpose of the phenol coefficient (PC) test in evaluating the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
What is the purpose of the phenol coefficient (PC) test in evaluating the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants?
Which method of microbial control is used to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
Which method of microbial control is used to remove potential pathogens from living tissue?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
What is the primary target of disinfection?
Which of the following methods of microbial control is used to remove microbes or reduce their populations to safe levels as determined by public health standards?
Which of the following methods of microbial control is used to remove microbes or reduce their populations to safe levels as determined by public health standards?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
Which type of disinfectant is commonly used to kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and biofilms?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
What is the main effect of microwaves on food in a microwave oven?
Which type of radiation causes the formation of thymine dimers in DNA, leading to lethal mutations in exposed microbes?
Which type of radiation causes the formation of thymine dimers in DNA, leading to lethal mutations in exposed microbes?
Which method of microbial control uses low temperatures to slow spoilage by lowering the metabolic rate of microorganisms?
Which method of microbial control uses low temperatures to slow spoilage by lowering the metabolic rate of microorganisms?
Which method of pasteurization uses ultra high temperatures of 140°C for 3 seconds and is used for organic milk since the product has to travel longer?
Which method of pasteurization uses ultra high temperatures of 140°C for 3 seconds and is used for organic milk since the product has to travel longer?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which method of microbial control uses X and gamma rays to sterilize heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and plastic items?
Which type of radiation does not kill bacterial endospores, inactivate viruses, or neutralize toxins?
Which type of radiation does not kill bacterial endospores, inactivate viruses, or neutralize toxins?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which of the following is true about microwaves?
Which of the following is NOT a type of filter used in filtration?
Which of the following is NOT a type of filter used in filtration?
Which of the following is true about phenolic compounds?
Which of the following is true about phenolic compounds?
Which of the following is true about heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
Which of the following is true about heavy metals as antimicrobial agents?
Which level of germicides has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization, with extended use?
Which level of germicides has the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization, with extended use?
What is the main purpose of a phenol coefficient (PC) test?
What is the main purpose of a phenol coefficient (PC) test?
Which method is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe by applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks?
Which method is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe by applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks?
What is the purpose of an in-use test for disinfectants in a clinical setting?
What is the purpose of an in-use test for disinfectants in a clinical setting?
Which antimicrobial drug was the first to be commercially available and effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Which antimicrobial drug was the first to be commercially available and effective in treating Streptococcus and Staphylococcus infections?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered the naturally produced antimicrobial penicillin?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Who discovered how to scale up penicillin production and showed its efficacy as an antimicrobial in animal and human trials in the early 1940s?
Which antimicrobial drug was effective against a variety of diseases including gonorrhea and meningitis?
Which antimicrobial drug was effective against a variety of diseases including gonorrhea and meningitis?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
What did the compound 606 (Arsphenamine/Salvarsan) target?
What did the compound 606 (Arsphenamine/Salvarsan) target?
