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What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
Which of the following esophageal disorders is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma?
What is the term for the inflammation of the esophageal lining?
Which of the following is a congenital disorder of the esophagus?
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What is the term for the type of esophagitis characterized by eosinophilic inflammation?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of esophageal tumor?
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What is a common cause of increased gastric acid production, leading to acute gastritis?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of chronic gastritis?
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What is a consequence of reduced mucosal blood flow in acute gastritis?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic reactive chemical gastropathy?
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What is a common mechanism of action in the pathogenesis of acute gastritis?
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Which of the following is a type of infectious granulomatous gastritis?
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What is a consequence of damage to the mucosal epithelium in acute gastritis?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acute gastritis?
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What is the stage of gastric cancer when it penetrates to the second or third layers of the stomach?
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At which stage of gastric cancer is a cure still possible in some cases?
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What is the characteristic of tumor cells in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma?
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What is the main characteristic of congenital pyloric stenosis?
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At which stage of gastric cancer has the cancer metastatized to other organs?
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What is the treatment for gastric cancer at Stage I?
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What is the result of mucous secretion by tumor cells in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma?
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What is the prognosis of gastric cancer at Stage IV?
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What is the characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?
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What is the primary cause of Ulcerative Colitis?
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What is the diagnostic tool used to visualize the colon in Crohn's disease?
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What is the characteristic histological change seen in Crohn's disease?
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What is the term used to describe inflammation of the rectum and the sigmoid colon in Ulcerative Colitis?
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What is the common symptom seen in patients with Colon Cancer?
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What is the primary location of inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis?
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What is the characteristic feature of Ulcerative Colitis?
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What is the term used to describe a rare but severe form of pancolitis in Ulcerative Colitis?
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What is the primary complication seen in patients with Colon Cancer?
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What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in diagnosing colon cancer?
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with colon cancer?
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What is the purpose of staging in colon cancer diagnosis?
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Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to view the entire colon and rectum for abnormalities?
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What is the characteristic of Stage 0 colon cancer?
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What is the primary purpose of a complete blood count in diagnosing colon cancer?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Stage III colon cancer?
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What is the primary purpose of a CT scan in diagnosing colon cancer?
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Study Notes
Overview of Gastrointestinal System
- The gastrointestinal system consists of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and appendix.
Diseases of the Esophagus
- Congenital disorders of the esophagus include hiatal hernia.
- Esophagitis is the inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, commonly occurring due to reflux, aspirin, alcohol consumption, smoking, systemic infection, gastric irradiation, ischemia, shock, and stress.
- Esophageal tumors include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Diseases of the Stomach
- Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be acute or chronic.
- Acute gastritis is caused by increased gastric acid production, decreased production of surface HCO3- buffer, reduced mucosal blood flow, and damage to mucosal epithelium.
- Chronic gastritis can be caused by Helicobacter pylori, bile reflux, NSAIDS, autoimmune disorders, and other factors.
- Gastric cancer can be caused by Helicobacter pylori, autoimmune disorders, and other factors, and can be classified into four stages.
Congenital Disorder of the Stomach
- Congenital pyloric stenosis is a congenital disorder of the stomach.
Diseases of the Intestinal System
- Congenital disorders of the intestinal system include congenital pyloric stenosis.
- Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
- Vascular diseases include ischemic bowel disease.
- Hemorrhoids are a type of vascular disease.
- Colonic polyps can be benign or cancerous.
- Colon cancer is a type of cancer that can occur in the colon or rectum.
Crohn's Disease
- Crohn's disease is an idiopathic, chronic, transmural inflammatory process of the bowel.
- It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly affects the large intestine.
- It results from an imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators.
- Etiology includes unknown causes, inheritable, microbial infections, dietary factors, and oral contraceptive pills and NSAIDS.
- Clinical symptoms include low-grade fever, prolonged diarrhea with abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, and crampy or steady pain of right lower quadrant.
- Lab diagnosis includes barium enema, colonoscopy, and biopsy.
- Pathological changes include cobblestone changes in the terminal ileum.
Ulcerative Colitis
- Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammation of the large intestine.
- It is one of the diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.
- Ulcers form after inflammation has killed cells lining the rectum and colon.
- It is closely related to Crohn's disease, and is more common in developing nations.
- Classifications include ulcerative proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, left-sided colitis, pancolitis/universal colitis, and fulminant colitis.
- Etiology includes unknown causes, abnormal activation of the immune system, and genetically inherited.
- Clinical symptoms include rectal bleeding, loss of body fluids and nutrients, fatigue, weight loss, and skin lesions.
- Lab diagnosis includes stool specimen analysis, blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.
Colon Cancer
- Colon cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum.
- It starts in the lining of the bowel, and if untreated, can grow into muscle layers underneath and through the bowel wall.
- Clinical symptoms include abdominal pain with or without tenesmus, bloody stool, sensation of incomplete evacuation, worsening constipation, loss of appetite, unintended weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
- Lab diagnosis includes colonoscopy, biopsy, CT scan, blood tests, and barium enema.
- Stages of colon cancer include stage 0, stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV.
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Description
This quiz covers various diseases affecting the large intestine, including congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular diseases, and more.
