Diseases of the Intestinal System
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of esophagitis?

  • Gastroesophageal reflux (correct)
  • Barrett esophagus
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Eosinophilic inflammation

    • Which of the following esophageal disorders is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma?

  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Barrett esophagus (correct)
  • Eosinophilic esophagitis

    • What is the term for the inflammation of the esophageal lining?

  • Gastritis
  • Esophagitis (correct)
  • Colitis
  • Duodenitis

    • Which of the following is a congenital disorder of the esophagus?

    <p>Congenital pyloric stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of esophagitis characterized by eosinophilic inflammation?

    <p>Eosinophilic esophagitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of esophageal tumor?

    <p>Gastric cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of increased gastric acid production, leading to acute gastritis?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of chronic gastritis?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of reduced mucosal blood flow in acute gastritis?

    <p>Disruption to the mucous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic reactive chemical gastropathy?

    <p>Aspirin use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism of action in the pathogenesis of acute gastritis?

    <p>Decreased production of surface HCO3- buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of infectious granulomatous gastritis?

    <p>Cytomegalovirus infection gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of damage to the mucosal epithelium in acute gastritis?

    <p>Disruption of the mucous layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acute gastritis?

    <p>Vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of gastric cancer when it penetrates to the second or third layers of the stomach?

    <p>Stage 1A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of gastric cancer is a cure still possible in some cases?

    <p>Stage III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of tumor cells in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma?

    <p>Secretion of mucous in the interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of congenital pyloric stenosis?

    <p>Abnormal narrowing of the pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of gastric cancer has the cancer metastatized to other organs?

    <p>Stage IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for gastric cancer at Stage I?

    <p>Endoscopic mucosal resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mucous secretion by tumor cells in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma?

    <p>Production of large pools of mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of gastric cancer at Stage IV?

    <p>Cure is very rarely possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?

    <p>Chronic, transmural inflammatory process of the bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Abnormal activation of the immune system in the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic tool used to visualize the colon in Crohn's disease?

    <p>Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic histological change seen in Crohn's disease?

    <p>Non-caseating granuloma in the lamina propia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe inflammation of the rectum and the sigmoid colon in Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Proctosigmoiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom seen in patients with Colon Cancer?

    <p>Rectal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Rectum and colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Ulcers form after inflammation has killed cells lining the rectum and colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a rare but severe form of pancolitis in Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Fulminant colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication seen in patients with Colon Cancer?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in diagnosing colon cancer?

    <p>To analyze cancer markers for staging of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with colon cancer?

    <p>Severe headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staging in colon cancer diagnosis?

    <p>To determine the extent of cancer spread to other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to view the entire colon and rectum for abnormalities?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Stage 0 colon cancer?

    <p>Abnormal cells are only limited to the inner lining of the colon/rectum wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a complete blood count in diagnosing colon cancer?

    <p>To determine if the cancer has caused anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Stage III colon cancer?

    <p>Cancer cells have invaded nearby lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a CT scan in diagnosing colon cancer?

    <p>To create a detailed picture of the cancer inside the colon and rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Gastrointestinal System

    • The gastrointestinal system consists of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and appendix.

    Diseases of the Esophagus

    • Congenital disorders of the esophagus include hiatal hernia.
    • Esophagitis is the inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, commonly occurring due to reflux, aspirin, alcohol consumption, smoking, systemic infection, gastric irradiation, ischemia, shock, and stress.
    • Esophageal tumors include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

    Diseases of the Stomach

    • Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be acute or chronic.
    • Acute gastritis is caused by increased gastric acid production, decreased production of surface HCO3- buffer, reduced mucosal blood flow, and damage to mucosal epithelium.
    • Chronic gastritis can be caused by Helicobacter pylori, bile reflux, NSAIDS, autoimmune disorders, and other factors.
    • Gastric cancer can be caused by Helicobacter pylori, autoimmune disorders, and other factors, and can be classified into four stages.

    Congenital Disorder of the Stomach

    • Congenital pyloric stenosis is a congenital disorder of the stomach.

    Diseases of the Intestinal System

    • Congenital disorders of the intestinal system include congenital pyloric stenosis.
    • Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
    • Vascular diseases include ischemic bowel disease.
    • Hemorrhoids are a type of vascular disease.
    • Colonic polyps can be benign or cancerous.
    • Colon cancer is a type of cancer that can occur in the colon or rectum.

    Crohn's Disease

    • Crohn's disease is an idiopathic, chronic, transmural inflammatory process of the bowel.
    • It can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but commonly affects the large intestine.
    • It results from an imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators.
    • Etiology includes unknown causes, inheritable, microbial infections, dietary factors, and oral contraceptive pills and NSAIDS.
    • Clinical symptoms include low-grade fever, prolonged diarrhea with abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, and crampy or steady pain of right lower quadrant.
    • Lab diagnosis includes barium enema, colonoscopy, and biopsy.
    • Pathological changes include cobblestone changes in the terminal ileum.

    Ulcerative Colitis

    • Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammation of the large intestine.
    • It is one of the diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Ulcers form after inflammation has killed cells lining the rectum and colon.
    • It is closely related to Crohn's disease, and is more common in developing nations.
    • Classifications include ulcerative proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, left-sided colitis, pancolitis/universal colitis, and fulminant colitis.
    • Etiology includes unknown causes, abnormal activation of the immune system, and genetically inherited.
    • Clinical symptoms include rectal bleeding, loss of body fluids and nutrients, fatigue, weight loss, and skin lesions.
    • Lab diagnosis includes stool specimen analysis, blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.

    Colon Cancer

    • Colon cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum.
    • It starts in the lining of the bowel, and if untreated, can grow into muscle layers underneath and through the bowel wall.
    • Clinical symptoms include abdominal pain with or without tenesmus, bloody stool, sensation of incomplete evacuation, worsening constipation, loss of appetite, unintended weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
    • Lab diagnosis includes colonoscopy, biopsy, CT scan, blood tests, and barium enema.
    • Stages of colon cancer include stage 0, stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV.

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    Diseases Of Gastrointestinal System (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz covers various diseases affecting the large intestine, including congenital disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular diseases, and more.

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