Disaster Risk Management and Sendai Framework
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that distinguishes a Class D fire from other fire classes?

  • The combustion of solid materials.
  • The involvement of cooking oils.
  • The presence of electrical apparatus.
  • The burning of metals. (correct)

    • During which stage of fire is it the easiest to control, and causes the least damage?

  • Fully Developed Stage
  • Ignition Stage (correct)
  • Decay Stage
  • Growth Stage

    • Which of the following best describes the relationship between fuel, heat, and oxygen within the fire tetrahedron?

  • Only two of the elements are required, the third is optional.
  • They must all be present for combustion, but are not dependent on one another.
  • They are independent elements; fire can exist without one of them.
  • They are all required for combustion and have a reciprocal relationship (correct)

    • What action is most effective in preventing a fire from progressing beyond the ignition stage?

    <p>Applying the correct fire extinguisher immediately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator of the 'Decay' stage of a fire?

    <p>The fire's intensity decreases and fuel source starts to deplete. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four compounds of the Sendai Framework?

    <p>Implementing Post-Disaster Needs Assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Italy's special protocols regarding cultural heritage protection?

    <p>Safeguarding landmarks from disaster risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of public awareness campaigns as mentioned?

    <p>To prepare citizens for disasters through education and information sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what is the purpose of disaster response volunteer frameworks?

    <p>To coordinate volunteer organizations with government agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mandating flood risk plans?

    <p>To formulate assessment and strategies for flood damage reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building codes in the context of disaster risk?

    <p>To ensure that structures are earthquake-resistant or flood-safe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of drill practices involves the counting of people present?

    <p>Headcount Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Build Back Better' principle particularly emphasize in disaster recovery, according to the text?

    <p>Recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a school-based classroom emergency survival kit?

    <p>To provide basic supplies for immediate needs during emergencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a tarpaulin and duct tape included in the emergency kit?

    <p>To create a private space for hygiene and sanitation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following items would be least helpful in a first aid emergency?

    <p>Playing cards and portable board games (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principles of CBDRM, what is the significance of existing coping mechanisms and capacities?

    <p>Utilize as a foundation to build resilient communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'proactive' principle of CBDRM emphasize?

    <p>Developing a culture of thinking about safety and resilience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core component of the 'preparedness' phase of Disaster Risk Management?

    <p>Training and planning for actions in case of a disaster. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'response' phase in Disaster Risk Management?

    <p>A short and long-term actions taken after a disaster. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of community-based disaster risk management, what does 'integrated' mean?

    <p>Planning and implementing measures for the past, present, and future. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the 'recovery' phase in DRRM?

    <p>To help individuals and communities return to a normal life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these falls under the 'Light and Communication' section of the emergency kit?

    <p>Survival whistle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is a structural mitigation measure?

    <p>Installing emergency stairs in a building. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key action to take after a disaster?

    <p>Ensuring that people know you are safe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for testing smoke alarms?

    <p>Monthly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order for using a fire extinguisher?

    <p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of clothing catching fire, what action should you avoid?

    <p>Running. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a way to extinguish a fire?

    <p>Excluding the existence of oxygen from it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary instruction if you encounter smoke while escaping a fire?

    <p>Use your second way out and never open closed doors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should building occupants do during a fire?

    <p>Leave all their belongings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is considered non-structural mitigation?

    <p>Planning for category 5 wind resistance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should families develop a communication plan for emergencies?

    <p>To have a protocol that allows them to check up on each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sendai Framework Compounds

    • Four key compounds of the Sendai Framework:
      • Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk.
      • Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience.
      • Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response embodying the "Build Back Better" principle of recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.

    Disaster Risk Management

    • Cultural Heritage Protection: Special protocols safeguard Italy's historical and cultural sites from disaster risks.
    • Emergency Protocols: Agencies follow defined procedures for rapid, coordinated responses to minimize confusion and duplication of efforts.
    • Public Awareness: Promotes education, campaigns, and information sharing to prepare citizens for disasters.

    Other Disaster Risk Reduction Measures

    • Volunteer Frameworks: Regulate roles of volunteer organizations in disaster response and coordination with government agencies.
    • Flood Risk Plans: Involve creating flood risk assessments and strategies to mitigate damage.
    • Building Codes: Enforce construction standards to ensure earthquake resistance and safety from flooding.
    • Climate Adaptation Plans: Develop strategies to address risks from extreme events caused by climate change.
    • Early Warning Systems: Mandate the development of advanced warning systems for hazards like floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.
    • Fire Prevention Laws: Establish safety standards and guidelines to reduce fire risks in urban and rural areas.
    • Health Emergency Plans: Prepare countries for public health crises like pandemics or biological hazards.

    Disaster Drill Practices

    • Alarm Phase: Sound the alarm to signal a disaster's occurrence or impending sign.
    • Response Phase: Mobilization of units to respond to disasters.
    • Evacuation Phase: Facilitating the safe and efficient evacuation of community stakeholders.
    • Assembly Phase: Assembling people at the evacuation site in an orderly manner.
    • Headcount Phase: Tallying of names and participation.
    • Evaluation Phase: Assessment before and after the drill.

    Emergency Survival Kit

    • Personal Hygiene and Sanitation:
      • 5-gallon bucket with toilet seat lid
      • Toilet paper roll
      • Wet wipes
      • Hand sanitizer
      • Toilet bags with chemicals
      • Plastic sheeting and tape for privacy.
    • Water and Food Supplies:
      • Water bottles or pouches
      • Water purification tablets
      • Nutritional bars / snacks
    • Light and Communication:
      • Emergency light/sticker signal
      • Survival whistle
      • Flashlight equipped with phone charger
      • Siren/radio
    • Entertainment:
      • Playing cards, board games, etc.
    • First Aid:
      • Dressings
      • Medical tape
      • Gauze and trauma pads
      • Instant cold packs
      • Rubbing alcohol/antiseptic wipes
      • Cotton swabs
      • Latex-free gloves

    Community Empowerment and Development

    • Empowering: Series of training and programs to bolster community capacities.
    • Development: Adapts to global change ensuring member growth.

    Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM)

    • Principles of CBDRM:
      • Participatory process, Responsive, Integrated, Proactive, Comprehensive, and Multisectoral.
    • Elements of CBDRM:
      • People's participation.
      • Priority Sectors (community specific, existing coping mechanisms, reduce vulnerabilities and build resilient communities).
      • Government/NGO roles.

    Disaster Risk Reduction Phases

    • Preparedness: Ongoing process allowing individuals, communities, businesses, and organizations to plan and train for disasters (e.g., fire drills, evacuation rehearsals).
    • Response: Actions taken after a disaster occurs, addressing ongoing hazards and removing affected individuals from the area (short-term and long-term).
    • Recovery: Helping individuals and communities return to normal life from the disaster's impact (can take years to decades).

    Key Concepts of Disaster Risk Reduction

    • Prevention: Measures put into place to minimize disaster risk.
    • Mitigation: Minimizing loss of human life from disasters through non-structural and structural measures.

    Post-Disaster Actions

    • Call for local emergency services: Provide first aid and notify friends/family.
    • Transfer injured people/animals to hospitals.

    Fire Safety Measures

    • Smoke alarms: Install, test, and maintain.
    • Family communication: Establish emergency communication plans.
    • Evacuation practices: Familiarize oneself regarding escape routes or fire drill exercises.
    • Fire extinguishers: Understand different classes of fires (A, B, C, D, E, F). (A=solids, B=liquids, C=electricity, D=metals, E=electricals, F=Cooking oils).
    • Fire safety guidelines: Avoid smoking in bed, use waste baskets for discarding cigarette butts, prevent contact between flammable materials and open flames, check electrical fittings regularly.
    • Fire Classification:
      • Class A: Involves solid materials like wood, paper, textiles.
      • Class B: Involves flammable liquids like petrol, diesel, or oils.

    Stages of Fire

    • Stage 1 (Ignition): Easiest stage to control—start of the fire.
    • Stage 2 (Growth): Difficult to control, fire's power grows due to surrounding oxygen.
    • Stage 3 (Flashover): All combustible materials in the area ignite.
    • Stage 4 (Decay): Fire's intensity decreases as fuel is depleted, and ultimately returns to its initial phase.

    Fire Hazards

    • Fire Triangle: Three essential elements needed for a fire: fuel, heat, and oxygen.

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    Disaster Risk Management PDF

    Description

    Explore the key components of the Sendai Framework and other disaster risk management strategies. This quiz covers topics such as disaster governance, preparedness, and cultural heritage protection. Test your knowledge on emergency protocols and the role of volunteers in disaster response.

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