Disaster Concepts and Earthquake Hazards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in understanding disaster risk?

  • Vulnerability
  • Hazard
  • Sustainability (correct)
  • Resilience

    • Which of these factors is NOT considered a driver of disaster risk?

  • Technological advancements (correct)
  • Poverty
  • Climate change
  • Weak governance

    • What is the primary cause of an earthquake?

  • Extreme weather events
  • The movement of tectonic plates (correct)
  • Human-induced seismic activity
  • Volcanic eruptions

    • Which of these hazards is NOT directly caused by earthquakes?

    <p>Hurricane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strategy for reducing earthquake risk?

    <p>Promoting urban sprawl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is liquefaction, as it relates to earthquake hazards?

    <p>A phenomenon where solid ground turns into a liquid-like substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major health risk associated with disasters?

    <p>Spread of diseases due to compromised sanitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an intangible risk in disaster situations?

    <p>Destruction of historical landmarks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of vulnerability in a community?

    <p>It exists before a disaster and affects how well a community can cope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is typically considered among the most vulnerable to hazards?

    <p>Children and laborers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of hazards is characterized by human-induced events?

    <p>Technological/Man-Made hazards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of hazards that affects the economy?

    <p>Job loss and poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of mitigation regarding hazard impacts?

    <p>Mitigation can lessen the severity of impacts but not fully prevent them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Vulnerability

    Easily harmed by hazards, existing before a disaster.

    Most Vulnerable Groups

    People with limited resources: farmers, urban poor, children.

    Hazard

    A threat or dangerous event that can cause harm.

    Types of Hazards

    Categories include natural, quasi-natural, technological, and biological.

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    Mitigation

    Efforts to lessen the impact of hazards, not completely prevent them.

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    Disaster

    A severe disruption resulting from hazards and vulnerability.

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    Capacity

    Ability to manage risks through resources and skills.

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    Ground Shaking

    Shaking of the Earth's surface causing structural damage.

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    Liquefaction

    Soil's loss of strength during shaking, leading to collapses.

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    Displacement

    Mass relocation of people due to disasters.

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    Risk Reduction

    Actions to minimize exposure and strengthen capacity.

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    Study Notes

    Disaster Concepts and Risk Factors

    • Disasters arise from a combination of hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacity.
    • Hazards encompass natural events (geological, atmospheric, biological) and human activities causing harm.
    • Vulnerability is the inability to resist hazards, influenced by location, infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors.
    • Capacity represents the ability to manage risks through resources, skills, and resilience.
    • Risk is the probability of loss determined by hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.
    • Risk reduction involves mitigating exposure, improving awareness, and strengthening capacity.
    • Drivers of disaster risks include climate change, environmental degradation, weak governance, poverty, and urbanization.

    Earthquake Hazards

    • Earthquakes are the shaking of the Earth's surface caused by energy release within the crust.
    • Major earthquake hazards include ground shaking, leading to structural damage.
    • Surface rupture can split roads and buildings.
    • Liquefaction weakens soil, causing collapses.
    • Ground subsidence involves sinking or spreading of land.
    • Tsunamis are massive sea waves triggered by seismic activity.
    • Landslides are earth movements triggered by tremors.
    • Risk reduction includes seismic hazard maps, earthquake-resistant structures, and early warning systems.

    Disaster Impacts

    • Disasters have widespread effects, leading to mass displacement.
    • Health risks arise from disease spread due to poor sanitation.
    • Food scarcity results from disrupted supply chains after disasters.
    • Emotional impacts include PTSD, anxiety, depression, and behavioral changes.

    Elements Exposed to Hazards

    • Elements at risk include human beings, buildings and infrastructure, and economic and environmental assets.
    • Some risks, like cultural values, are harder to quantify but crucial.
    • Understanding disaster risk factors and strengthening resilience, governance, and reduced exposure are vital.

    Vulnerability

    • Vulnerability is the ease with which a community or system is harmed by a hazard.
    • It exists before a disaster and affects recovery.
    • Vulnerable populations include those with limited resources, the urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, and those with disabilities.
    • Vulnerability factors include demographics (density, age distribution), socioeconomic factors (poverty, lack of education), preparedness (building codes, early warning systems), and after-effects (lack of insurance, slow aid).

    Hazards

    • Hazards include natural events (earthquakes, floods, storms) and quasi-natural events (natural events worsened by human actions).
    • Technological and man-made hazards include industrial accidents and pollution.
    • Biological hazards involve epidemics.
    • Hazard signs and symbols (e.g., flammable, toxic) warn people of potential danger.
    • Hazards impact physical health, mental health (trauma, grief), socio-cultural aspects (displacement, loss of culture), economic impacts (job loss, poverty), environmental situations (pollution, loss of resources), and biology (illness, epidemics).
    • Mitigation lessens severity (better building techniques, environmental policies, public awareness) but doesn't entirely prevent all impacts.

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts surrounding disasters and the specific risks associated with earthquakes. This quiz covers hazards, vulnerabilities, capacity, and risk reduction, along with detailed information on earthquake-related threats. Learn how various factors contribute to disaster risks and their implications.

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