Earthquake Disaster Management Factors

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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor that can increase the potential disaster from an earthquake?

Building constructed with local materials

Poor preparedness of the affected area (correct)

Low density of habitation

Location of buildings on steep slopes

How does the foundation of a building influence its response to an earthquake?

It amplifies the external forces acting on the building.

It provides uniform stability across all types of soil.

It attaches the building securely to the ground. (correct)

It dampens the vibrations from the earthquake.

Which type of building is constructed based on specific codes and building provisions?

Engineered buildings (correct)

Residential houses

Non-engineered buildings

Temporary structures

Which soil condition generally leads to better performance of buildings during an earthquake?

Flat open ground Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to ensure a building can withstand an earthquake's lateral forces?

Ensure it has equal and opposite internal strength. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of engineered buildings makes them more resistant to earthquakes?

They follow established building codes and regulations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a building being top heavy during an earthquake?

It requires more internal strength to avoid collapse. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for earthquake-resistant housing?

Using heavy materials for construction Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why many buildings lack seismic bands?

Trained structural engineers are not utilized. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT mentioned as a consideration for building infrastructure?

Cost efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which material was found to provide better thermal insulation compared to brick or cement concrete blocks?

Stone masonry Signup and view all the answers

What technology was demonstrated by SEEDS in Patanka, Gujarat?

Earthquake-safe technology Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn regarding the combination of modern and traditional materials?

Careful integration can enhance safety. Signup and view all the answers

What feature did traditional tile roofs offer over slab roofs in hot climates?

Better temperature control Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended design approach for 'U', 'T', 'E', or 'L' shaped buildings?

Construct them as separate sections with suitable gaps. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key seismic safety element mentioned in the construction practices?

Reinforced concrete plinths Signup and view all the answers

How were houses arranged in the rural configurations according to traditional practices?

Surrounded by open spaces Signup and view all the answers

When constructing on slopes, which method is preferred?

A series of small blocks on independent terraces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum total area of openings allowed in load bearing walls for a single-storey building?

Less than 50 percent. Signup and view all the answers

How far should openings in wall structures be placed away from 'L' and 'T' junctions?

60 cm or more. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not adhering to construction guidelines in earthquake-prone areas?

Heightened risk of severe damage during an earthquake. Signup and view all the answers

Which country has a comprehensive regulatory mechanism for construction activities?

South Africa Signup and view all the answers

What does the Building Act 2004 in New Zealand emphasize?

Making buildings right the first time. Signup and view all the answers

What risk do buildings that violate construction norms face during earthquakes?

Higher likelihood of collapse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step recommended for safeguarding livestock before a disaster?

Assessing and establishing the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which support is included in Basic Life Support for animals?

Establishment of airway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of Prolonged Life Support?

Artificial respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial question to consider regarding the hospitalisation of animals?

Is there a need that cannot be fulfilled only by hospitalisation? Signup and view all the answers

In Advanced Life Support, which of the following is addressed?

Diagnosis and drugs Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether all types of support can be provided to livestock?

Availability of facilities Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken if breathing appears to have stopped in an animal?

Check for heart beat Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT a consideration when deciding on animal hospitalisation?

Animal's favorite food Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of providing animals from other States to farmers who have lost their livestock?

It helps restore ecological balance. Signup and view all the answers

During the Ninth Five Year Plan, what was the focus in the animal husbandry sector?

Control of animal diseases and upgrading genetic resources. Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a need for a veterinary disaster preparedness plan?

Due to the large livestock population needing management during crises. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility regarding building codes during construction?

To adhere to regulations set by the government. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major challenge faced by the government in disaster situations?

Providing disaster-resistant housing and construction. Signup and view all the answers

What often hinders the implementation of building byelaws and codes?

Lack of awareness and poor regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What element is crucial for restoring farmers' income after livestock loss?

Providing animals from government sources. Signup and view all the answers

What action is indicated as necessary for livestock during disasters?

To manage their welfare effectively. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earthquake Disaster Factors

Earthquake disaster scale is influenced by magnitude, proximity to epicenter, population density, and preparedness.
Larger, closer earthquakes to populated areas result in greater disaster potential.
Economic development and inadequate preparedness amplify risks.

Building Response to Earthquakes

Earthquakes produce waves that cause ground vibrations, impacting buildings differently based on foundation stability.
A distinct horizontal force acts on buildings, which must be countered by the building's strength to prevent collapse.
Heavier structures require more internal strength to resist seismic forces.

Soil Impact on Building Safety

Intensity of a seismic shock correlates with soil type: solid rock and firm soil structures perform better than those on soft ground.
Buildings on flat, open terrain are generally safer compared to those on steep slopes or narrow ridges.

Types of Buildings

Engineered buildings follow specialized codes and are designed by qualified professionals.
Non-engineered buildings are constructed by semi-skilled workers without adherence to codes.

Earthquake-Resistant Design Guidelines

Avoid building on hillsides to reduce landslide risks.
Symmetry in design and separation of large structures into smaller blocks enhance stability.
Limit overhangs and ornate features to reduce vulnerability during an earthquake.
Openings in load-bearing walls should be minimized, especially in multi-story buildings.

Regulatory Framework

India lacks a comprehensive regulatory mechanism for construction safety.
Effective regulations, like those in South Africa and New Zealand, enforce building standards and ensure quality construction.

Structural Concerns in Urban Development

Violation of building codes, such as adding unauthorized floors, increases risks during earthquakes.
Trained structural engineers are essential for the design of safe buildings with proper reinforcements.

Disaster Preparedness in Infrastructure

Infrastructure must be designed with consideration for local hazards to withstand disasters.
Awareness of local conditions and traditional building techniques is crucial for effective planning.

Traditional Earthquake-Safe Practices

Use of local materials and techniques, such as stone masonry and traditional roofing, can enhance safety.
Combining modern and traditional practices improves the sustainability and resilience of rural housing.

Livestock Management During Disasters

Adequate planning and support mechanisms for livestock are critical for survival and recovery post-disaster.
Emergency procedures include establishing airways and basic support for injured animals.

Veterinary Disaster Preparedness

A strategic plan for animal health and management during disasters is necessary to mitigate losses.
Consideration of economic factors is crucial in the treatment and care of livestock post-disaster.

Conclusion and Key Concepts

Disasters affect both human and animal populations, highlighting the need for disaster-resistant housing and infrastructure.
Growing awareness, regulation, and adherence to building codes are essential for reducing risks.
Building codes establish standards that guide construction, emphasizing the responsibility of engineers and architects.

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Description

Exploring how earthquake factors such as magnitude, population density, and building design influence disaster outcomes. This quiz examines the relationship between soil types, building responses, and seismic force mitigation techniques. Understand the critical elements that contribute to the resilience of structures during earthquakes.