Directiva 98/59/CE y Derechos Sociales

Preámbulo Directiva 98/59/CE

• Aims to strengthen worker protection in collective dismissals, considering economic and social balance
• Differences exist between member states in collective dismissal procedures and measures to mitigate consequences for workers

Carta comunitaria de los derechos sociales fundamentales de los trabajadores (Estrasburgo 9 de diciembre de 1989)

• EU internal market should improve workers' living and working conditions
• Includes provisions on collective dismissals and bankruptcies

Artículo 17

• Worker information, consultation, and participation should be developed considering member state practices
• Especially applicable to companies or groups with establishments in multiple member states

Artículo 18

• Information, consultation, and participation should occur at relevant times, particularly regarding
• Technological changes affecting worker conditions and work organization
• Restructuring or mergers affecting employment
• Collective dismissal procedures

Definiciones. Despido Colectivo (Artículo 1.1(a)(i))

• Collective dismissals occur when employers dismiss one or more workers due to non-personal reasons
• Number of dismissals, based on member state choice for a 30-day period, must meet specific thresholds
• For a 90-day period, minimum of 20 dismissals regardless of the total number of employees

Representantes de los Trabajadores (Article 1(b))

• Representatives are those designated by national legislation or practice.

¿Cuándo hay que consultar? (Artículo 2.1)

• Employers must consult worker representatives if planning collective dismissals, promptly providing relevant information

¿En qué consisten las consultas? (Artículo 2.2)

• Consultations should aim to prevent or reduce dismissals via social support measures for reintegration or retraining

Información (Artículo 2(a))

• Employers must provide relevant information to worker representatives during consultations to aid with constructive suggestions

Comunicarles, en cualquier caso, por escrito (artículo 3(b))

• The notice must contain the reasons for the dismissal, number and types of affected workers, and the timing of the dismissals.
• Additionally, the criteria for selecting affected employees should be specified, as well as potential compensation amounts

Copia para la autoridad competente (Artículo 2.3)

• Employers must transmit a copy of the notice to the competent public authority

Grupos de empresas (Artículo 2.4)

• Obligations of information and consultation apply regardless of whether the decision for collective dismissal is taken by the company or a controlling entity

Notificaciones (Artículo 3.1)

• Employers are obligated to notify the competent public authority of any collective dismissal plans

Copia para los representantes de los trabajadores (Artículo 3.2)

• Employers must provide a copy of the notification to worker representatives, who can then submit observations to the public authority

Procedimiento de despido colectivo Artículo 3

• Employers must notify the competent public authority of any collective dismissal plans in writing
• Employers must provide a copy of the notification to worker representatives

Periodo de consultas Artículo 4.1

• Collective dismissals cannot take effect until at least 30 days after notification, unless national rules specify a longer prior notice period

Periodo de consultas Artículo 4.3

• If the initial consultation period is less than 60 days, the competent public authority can extend it to 60 days if needed

Objetivo de las notificaciones (Artículo 4.2)

• The public authority will use the consultation period to find solutions to collective dismissal problems

Excepciones (notificaciones)

• Collective dismissals arising from legal decisions regarding business closure are exempt

Leyes más favorables (Artículo 5)

• Member states can implement more favorable legislation for workers

¿Cuándo aplica a la directiva 2001/23/EC? (Artículo 1.1)

• Directive covers the transfer of companies, business divisions, or parts of them.
• Economic entity transfers, regardless of how significant, are covered.

¿Cuándo aplica a la directiva 2001/23/EC? (Artículo 1.1)

• Directive applies to both public and private companies with commercial activity

¿Cuándo aplica a la directiva 2001/23/EC? (Artículo 1.3)

• The directive applies to the transfer of maritime vessels

Excepción Artículo 1.1 (c)

• Administrative reorganizations and transfers of administrative functions between public authorities are excluded,

Definiciones. Cedente (Artículo 2.1.(a))

• The party losing ownership of the business or division, or aspect thereof

Definiciones. Cesionario (Artículo 2.1.(b))

• The party gaining ownership of the business or division, aspect thereof

Exclusiones

• Certain work contracts (e.g duration, temporary, part-time) are excluded; provided that they are handled by national employment laws

Mantenimiento de los derechos de los trabajadores y la transferencia de los derechos y obligaciones (Artículo 3.1)

• Transfer of existing employment contracts and associated rights and obligations to the new ownership at transfer date

Mantenimiento de los derechos de los trabajadores y notificación de las condiciones de trabajo (Artículo 3.2)

• The transferring party will provide the receiving party with all relevant, documented obligations/rights

Mantenimiento de los derechos de los trabajadores y los convenios colectivos (Artículo 3.3)

• Existing collective bargaining agreements remain in effect for the new ownership until expiry/termination

Prestaciones de jubilación, invalidez o supervivencia (Artículo 3.4)

• Existing employee benefits related to retirement are not subject to transfer

Traspaso y despidos (Artículo 4.1)

• The transfer does not inherently lead to dismissals

Traspaso y modificación sustancial (Artículo 4.2)

• Dismissals are considered to be attributed to the transfer if a substantial work condition modification occurs

Procedimiento de quiebra o de insolvencia análogo (Artículo 5)

• Collective dismissals in corporate insolvency cases are excluded until a legal authority takes over

Excepciones y cambios en las condiciones contractuales (Artículo 5.2.(b))

• Changes in employment conditions can occur following mutual agreement

Una situación de crisis económica grave (Artículo 5.3 у 5.4)

• Directiva can be optionally applied to transfers in case of economic downturn.

Traspasos y los representantes de los trabajadores (Artículo 6)

• The worker representatives will remain even after a transfer

¿Qué información hay que dar a los trabajadores o sus representantes? (Artículo 7.1)

• The transfer date, reasons for transfer, future economic/social impacts should be provided to workers' representatives

Grupos de empresas. Artículo 7.4

• The obligations in the directive apply whether the decision to transfer is made by an enterprise or its parent company

Condiciones más favorables. Artículo 8

• EU Member States aren't prohibited from providing additional rights or benefits to workers

Disposiciones relativas a la seguridad social (Artículos 6)

• National social security policies aren't violated by the directive.

Disposiciones relativas a la seguridad social (Artículo 7)

• Employer's unpaid social security contributions before bankruptcy/insolvency don't compromise worker's rights
• Directive protects benefits

Disposiciones relativas a la seguridad social (Artículos 8)

• Worker's benefits aren't undermined when an enterprise becomes insolvent

Disposiciones relativas a las situaciones transnacionales (Artículos 9 y 10)

• The competent authorities will determine which entity is to be involved in the payment obligations.

Disposiciones Generales (Artículo 11)

• Compliance with the directive will not negatively affect an employer's existing worker protection rights;

ARTÍCULO 12

• Member States have discretion to adjust certain directives based on specific conditions in each individual case or situation.

Exclusiones. (Artículo 1.3)

• Domestic workers, under certain conditions, may be excluded; If a national law already provides for specific protection, it is allowable.

Ámbito de aplicación (Artículo 2.2 y 2.3)

• There are no restrictions on the application of the directive to different worker categories

Concepto de insolvencia para la presente Directiva (Artículo 2.1)

• "Insolvent" status applies during a legal proceeding, not just in cases of debt.

El pago de créditos impagados de los trabajadores asalariados (Artículo 3)

• Guarantee institutions must pay unpaid worker wages

La facultad de limitar la obligación de pago (Artículo 4.1)

• Limitations on payment obligations are permissible under certain circumstances.

La facultad de limitar la obligación de pago (Artículo 4.2)

• Limitations on payment obligations are permissible under certain circumstances.

La facultad de limitar la obligación de pago (Artículo 4.3)

• Maximum payments to workers' institutions in specific circumstances are permissible.

Tres ideas claves (Artículo 5)

• Workers' guarantee funds should be financed, organized and independent from employer; insolvency proceedings do not compromise the fund

Disposiciones relativas a la seguridad social (Artículos 6)

• Social security contributions aren't affected if a company enters insolvency.

Disposiciones relativas a las situaciones transnacionales (Artículos 9 y 10)

• If a company based in multiple countries experiences insolvency, the relevant worker payment authority of the worker's primary country of employment will be responsible.

Disposiciones Generales (Artículo 11)

• Any worker protection already in place in member States is not impacted by this Directive.

Este cuestionario explora la Directiva 98/59/CE y la Carta comunitaria de los derechos sociales, enfocándose en la protección de los trabajadores durante despidos colectivos. También se revisan los artículos 17 y 18 sobre la información y consulta de los trabajadores en contextos transnacionales.