Diphenoxylate with Atropine Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the therapeutic class of Diphenoxylate?

Antidiarrheal

What is the pharmacologic class of Diphenoxylate?

Opioid

What is Diphenoxylate?

Diphenoxylate is the primary antidiarrheal ingredient in Lomotil.

How does Diphenoxylate work?

Diphenoxylate slows peristalsis allowing time for additional water reabsorption from the colon and more solid stools. Signup and view all the answers

How long until Diphenoxylate starts working?

45-60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Diphenoxylate is effective for moderate to severe diarrhea in which age group?

Patients age 13 and older Signup and view all the answers

The Atropine in Lomotil or Atropine added to Diphenoxylate is added not for any therapeutic effect.

True Signup and view all the answers

The anticholinergic effects of Atropine such as drowsiness, dry mouth, and tachycardia will be experienced at what dosage level?

High dosage levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the anticholinergic effects that result from high doses of Atropine?

Drowsiness, dry mouth, tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

When is Diphenoxylate therapy stopped?

Diphenoxylate is discontinued as soon as diarrhea symptoms resolve. Signup and view all the answers

How should Diphenoxylate be administered to young children?

Diphenoxylate should be administered and measured accurately using the dropper packaged with the liquid form of the drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pregnancy category of Diphenoxylate?

Pregnancy Category C Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time for Diphenoxylate?

45-60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak time for Diphenoxylate?

3-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the adverse effects of Diphenoxylate?

Some patients experience dizziness or drowsiness and should not drive or operate machinery until the effects of the drug are known. Signup and view all the answers

Unlike most opioids, Diphenoxylate has no analgesic properties and has very low potential for abuse.

True Signup and view all the answers

Contraindications with Diphenoxylate include:

Hypersensitivity to the drug = True Obstructive jaundice = True Diarrhea associated with PMC = True Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms should be present that needs to be corrected before administering Lomotil?

Severe hydration or electrolyte imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Diphenoxylate with Atropine interacts with ______________________ to produce additive sedation.

other CNS depressants including alcohol Signup and view all the answers

When taken with ____________________ Diphenoxylate may cause hypertensive crisis.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Signup and view all the answers

Which lab value(s) may increase with Diphenoxylate use?

Diphenoxylate may increase serum amylase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of overdose with Lomotil?

Overdose with Lomotil may be serious. Narcotic antagonists such as Naloxone may be administered parenterally to reverse respiratory depression within minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diphenoxylate with Atropine (Lomotil) Overview

Therapeutic class: Antidiarrheal
Pharmacologic class: Opioid
Primary component in Lomotil: Diphenoxylate

Mechanism of Action

Slows peristalsis in the intestines, enhancing water reabsorption
Leads to formation of more solid stools

Administration and Onset

Onset of action: 45-60 minutes
Peak action: 3-4 hours
Administer to children using the provided dropper for accuracy

Therapeutic Use and Effectiveness

Indicated for moderate to severe diarrhea in individuals aged 13 and older
Discontinue treatment once diarrhea symptoms resolve

Atropine's Role

Added to discourage misuse rather than for therapeutic effects
High dosages of Atropine may cause anticholinergic effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, tachycardia

Adverse Effects

Possible dizziness or drowsiness; caution against driving or operating machinery
Well tolerated at normal doses with low potential for abuse

Contraindications and Precautions

Contraindications include hypersensitivity, obstructive jaundice, and diarrhea linked to pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
Ensure correction of severe hydration or electrolyte imbalance prior to administration

Drug Interactions

Additive sedation may occur with other CNS depressants, including alcohol
Risk of hypertensive crisis when taken with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Laboratory Considerations

May cause an increase in serum amylase levels

Pregnancy and Usage Guidelines

Classified as Pregnancy Category C

Overdose Treatment

Overdose may pose serious risks; naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, can reverse respiratory depression rapidly when administered parenterally

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of Diphenoxylate with Atropine (Lomotil), its therapeutic and pharmacologic classifications, and its mechanism of action. Learn about its administration, therapeutic uses, potential adverse effects, and the role of Atropine. It's essential for understanding antidiarrheal medications.