Dimensions of Health and Wellbeing

• Health and wellbeing involves physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions, characterized by equilibrium, happiness, capability, and engagement.

Dimensions of Health and Wellbeing

• The five dimensions are physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual.

Optimal Health and Wellbeing

• Optimal health doesn't require high levels in all five dimensions simultaneously; it involves specific examples related to each dimension.
• Regular exercise promotes a well-functioning body, exemplifying optimal physical health.

Physical Health and Wellbeing

• Physical health relates to the body's functions and systems, including the capacity to perform daily tasks.
• Supporting factors include regular physical activity, balanced diet, rest/sleep, ideal body weight, and absence of illness/injury.
• Regular sport helps maintain fitness, promoting optimal physical health.
• A diet with adequate food from the five food groups promotes a well-functioning immune system, supporting optimal physical health.

Mental Health

• Mental health is the current state of wellbeing related to the mind and the ability to think and process information.
• A mentally healthy brain enables positive opinions, decision-making, and logical reasoning.
• It focuses on wellness rather than illness.
• Indicators include low stress/anxiety, positive self-esteem, confidence, and optimism.

Optimal Mental Health

• Using examples highlights a direct correlation to the mental dimension.
• Music lessons build confidence and self-esteem, promoting mental health.
• Regular meditation relieves stress and anxiety, promoting mental health.

Emotional Health

• Emotional health involves expressing feelings positively, managing emotions, and displaying resilience.
• It is the degree of feeling emotionally secure and relaxed in daily life.
• Overcoming challenges with friends' support builds resilience and promotes emotional health.
• Volunteering tests emotional regulation and provides opportunities for modeled responses.

Social Health and Wellbeing

• It relates to forming meaningful relationships and adapting to social situations.
• It includes community and family support, ensuring equal opportunity to function in society.
• Strong communication skills, empathy, and accountability support social health.
• School teaches effective communication skills needed for oral presentations.
• Part-time jobs facilitate friendships and meaningful relationships with colleagues.

Spiritual Health

• Spiritual health involves ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics.
• Includes hope, peace, a sense of meaning, value, and reflection.
• It can relate to organized religion, a higher power, morals, values, purpose, connection, and belonging.
• Running a business gives a sense of purpose, promoting motivation.
• Participation in organized religion provides morals and values.

Dimensions Interaction

• The five dimensions of health are interconnected and influence each other.
• Sports teams foster meaningful relationships (social health).
• Relationships may act as an outlet for frustrations (emotional outlet).
• Part-time jobs improve teamwork and communication skills (social health).
• Strong communication skills aid in effective emotion management.

Dynamic Nature

• It refers to something constantly changing. Health and wellbeing is dynamic, meaning it is constantly changing.
• Starting a sport pain-free but later breaking a leg exemplifies dynamic health

Subjective Nature

• It refers to something viewed differently by different people.
• Health and wellbeing is subjective and influenced by education, age, culture, and life experiences.
• Older adults may see good health as the absence of chronic diseases and independent living.
• Influenced by personal and social factors.
• Life experiences, such as disabilities or health conditions, influence the view of health and wellbeing.
• Volunteering provides a sense of purpose, impacting health and wellbeing.
• Good health and wellbeing are linked to physical fitness and healthy body weight.
• Varies from many to a few close friends, impacting social wellbeing.

Illness vs Disease

• Illness is a subjective experience of disease, like feeling ill from influenza.
• Disease is a physical or mental disturbance with symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage, such as cancer.
• Illness is how someone feels about having a disease, while disease is the medical condition itself.
• Illness is dynamic, changing as a person experiences disease.
• Different people experience disease differently, influenced by past experiences, age, and support.

Resources

• Something that can be drawn upon as required. Experiencing high levels of one or more dimensions of health and wellbeing.
• Optimal health enables participation in activities benefiting oneself and society.
• Enables participation in education, work, sports, and social activities.

Optimal health and wellbeing linked to dimensions

• Being well enough to participate in sports and maintain fitness

Benefits of Optimal Health and Wellbeing

• Daily activities like education or work are easier with high levels of health and wellbeing.
• Optimal health allows sports, leisure activities, and social interactions.
• Citizens with optimal health require less hospital time, freeing healthcare resources.
• Globally, optimal health increases global trade and economic development and reduces poverty.

Influence on Healthcare

• Optimal health reduces hospital visits.

Disease Experiences

• Can vary significantly between individuals.
• One person may manage a long-term disease well, while another feels ill after diagnosis.
• Influenced by past experiences with disease, age, and access to support.
• Onset often causes the most initial pain and discomfort.
• May improve over time with treatment, with reduced pain and discomfort

Additional Benefits of Optimal Health

• Participation in sports, maintaining healthy body weight, and engaging socially.
• Funds can be directed towards other unwell individuals when citizens are healthy.
• A component of good health that contributes to overall wellbeing.
• An aspect of good health that is often associated with physical fitness.
• The state where individuals can attend work, contributing to global trade and economic development.

Incidence

• New cases of a disease/condition in a population during a period (usually 12 months).

Prevalence

• Total cases of a disease/condition in a population at a given time.

Morbidity

• Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population, often expressed through incidence and prevalence.

Burden of Disease

• The gap between current health status and an ideal state of old age free of disease and disability.

Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

• One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to illness/death.

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

• Years of expected life lost due to premature death.

Years Lived With Disability (YLD)

• Healthy years of life lost due to disease, injury, or disability.

Life Expectancy

• The average years of life remaining at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

• The average time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health, without health consequences of disease or injury.

Mortality

• Death, often at a population level.

Maternal Mortality

• Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or within six weeks of delivery.

Infant Mortality

• Deaths in children between birth and their first birthday.

Under Five Mortality

• Deaths in children between birth and their fifth birthday.

Self-Assessed Health Status

• An individual's opinion about their health, state of mind, and life in general.

Health Status

• An individual's or a population's overall health, considering life expectancy, disability, and disease risk factors.

Data Types

• A piece of information present in data.

Data trends

• A pattern present in data.

Data Relationships

• A connection between two aspects of data.

Life Expectancy

• It indicates how long a person can expect to live and it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

• A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health.
• The number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

Morbidity

• It refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

Incidence

• The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified time, usually a 12-month period.

Prevalence

• The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

Life Expectancy at Birth for Australian Females (2020-2022)

• 85.3 years

Female Life Expectancy Trend

• From 1993-1995 to 2020-2022, female life expectancy at birth was always higher than male life expectancy at birth.

Life Expectancy at Age 45 (2019-21)

• Males were expected to live until 82.9 years and females to 86.4 years.

Morbidity Rates Example

• This contributes to an increase in morbidity rates for type 2 diabetes.

Incidence Data Representation

• The number of new cases of a condition may be represented per 100,000 people in a population and broken down into age groups.

Prevalence Data Presentation

• Often presented as a percent.

Chronic Conditions and Prevalence

• Often related to chronic conditions that people experience over an extended period of time.

Increase in Life Expectancy

• Over time, there has been a gradual increase in male and female life expectancy at birth in Australia.