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Questions and Answers
What is the primary driving factor behind the growth in imaging applications?
What is the primary function of quantization in digital image processing?
What is the range of brightness values that can be represented by a single 8-bit number in an image?
Which of the following imaging applications involves the analysis of large volumes of biomedical images?
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What is the term used to describe the process of forming an image of an object?
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What is the dimension of the matrix that represents a digital image?
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What is the primary objective of image preprocessing in digital image processing?
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What is the term used to describe the process of extracting attributes from digital images?
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In what decade did the first computers capable of performing meaningful image processing appear?
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What is the name of the medical imaging technology invented in the early 1970s?
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What is the term used to describe a two-dimensional signal that contains color information?
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What is the purpose of digital image processing techniques?
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When was the first digital picture produced using a telegraph printer?
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What is the term used to describe the basic elements that make up a digital image?
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What is one advantage of using thermal imaging in face recognition?
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What is the purpose of digital image processing in Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?
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What is the main application of digital image processing in medicine?
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What is the primary source of energy for imaging systems?
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What is the advantage of using pill-sized cameras in medical examinations?
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What is the primary use of digital image processing in surveillance?
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Which type of imaging system is used to detect bone pathology?
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What is the principle behind X-ray imaging?
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What is the purpose of DIP in metrology?
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What is the main advantage of using satellite technology in telemedicine?
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What is the term for the range of wave frequencies represented by each part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
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What is the purpose of injecting a patient with a radioactive isotope in nuclear medicine?
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What is the primary application of digital image processing in security?
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What is the term for a type of imaging that combines multiple imaging systems?
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What is the application of X-ray imaging in industry?
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What is the difference between a PET scan and a Gamma Ray Bone Scan?
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What is the primary application of X-ray radiation in medical imaging?
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Which type of imaging uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to produce a 2D picture of the patient's body?
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What is the primary use of ultrasonic imaging in medicine?
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Which type of imaging is used to capture the entire 'oval' of the Auroral emissions at Saturn's south pole?
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What is the application of infrared imaging in conjunction with visual imaging?
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What is the main application of chromosomal imaging in medicine?
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Which type of imaging is used to capture the image of a hurricane?
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What is the application of X-ray radiation in astronomy?
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Study Notes
Digital Image Processing
- Digital Image: a 2D signal containing color information, composed of finite elements called pixels, each with a location and value.
Image Processing Techniques
- Image preprocessing to reduce noise and contrast enhancement.
- Image Analysis: extracts attributes from images, such as edges, contours, and object identity.
History of Digital Image Processing
- 1921: first digital picture produced using 15-tone equipment.
- 1960s: first computers powerful enough for image processing, used in space program.
- Late 1960s-early 1970s: DIP techniques developed for medical imaging, remote sensing, and astronomy.
- 1970s: invention of computerized axial tomography (CAT) for medical diagnosis.
Modern Image Processing
- Advances in mobile communication and sensor technology.
- Growth of cheap web/CCTV cameras and powerful digital cameras.
- New imaging applications and challenges, such as:
- Mobile video streaming and biometric authentication.
- CCTV-based image analysis.
- Automating biomedical image analysis.
What is an Image?
- A digital image is a matrix obtained by sampling and quantization of a 2D function.
- Image formation: inherent in the object, interaction with surroundings, or a combination of both.
- Example: Abraham Lincoln image, each pixel's brightness represented by an 8-bit number (0-255).
Imaging Systems
- Varying systems depending on energy source:
- Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
- Ultrasonic, acoustic, and electronic microscopy.
- Sensors detect and respond to light, heat, motion, etc.
- Applications may require combining multiple imaging systems (e.g., multi-spectral imaging).
Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)
- Source of images, representing a range of wave frequencies.
- Examples of images captured from different types of energy emission:
- Gamma rays.
- X-rays.
- Infrared.
- Microwaves.
- Radio.
Biomedical Applications of EMS
- Gamma-ray imaging (nuclear medicine and astronomy).
- X-ray imaging (medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy).
- Ultraviolet imaging (astronomy).
- Visible and infrared bands (light microscopy, astronomy, remote sensing, industry, and law enforcement).
- Radio imaging (medicine and astronomy).
- Ultrasonic imaging (geological exploration, industry, and medicine).
Digital Image Processing Applications
- Security: iris code and recognition, face detection, fingerprint recognition.
- Surveillance: CCTV, car number plate recognition.
- Geographic Information System (GIS): satellite imagery manipulation.
- Biomedical applications: telemedicine, bio-medical imaging, and medical diagnostics.
Image Processing in Medicine
- Telemedicine: remote medical examinations and consultations.
- Bio-medical applications: tiny cameras for internal examinations, and medical imaging.
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Description
Introduction to digital image processing, including basic definitions and examples of digital images in various fields such as astronomy, medicine, and more.
