Digestive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary overall function of the digestive system?

  • Digestion and absorption of foodstuffs (correct)
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Production of hormones related to metabolism
  • Filtration and detoxification of blood

Which accessory organ contributes significantly to the bile production necessary for digestion?

  • Liver (correct)
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the alimentary canal?

  • Esophagus
  • Large intestine
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas (correct)

What is a key function of the digestive system's accessory organs?

<p>Secreting enzymes and substances that aid in digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the general activities of the digestive organs?

<p>They each perform a unique role to facilitate digestion and absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of amylase in the digestive system?

<p>To break down starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for most digestive processes?

<p>Duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves wave-like muscular contractions to propel food?

<p>Peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme?

<p>The semi-fluid mixture of food and digestive juices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

<p>To store and concentrate bile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete the hormone ghrelin in the stomach?

<p>Enteroendocrine cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is segmentation in the digestive system?

<p>Ring-like contractions in the small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alimentary canal primarily responsible for?

<p>Ingesting, digesting, absorbing, and defecating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the tissue surrounding the necks of teeth?

<p>Gingiva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mesentery in the digestive system?

<p>To connect and suspend digestive organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tongue in the mouth?

<p>To mix masticated food with saliva (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx is located directly below the oropharynx?

<p>Laryngopharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscularis externa layer in the alimentary canal?

<p>To conduct peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal?

<p>Mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

<p>Soft palate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vestibule in the mouth?

<p>To serve as a space between the lips and teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle layers are responsible for peristalsis in the pharynx?

<p>Skeletal muscle only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal contains blood vessels and nerve endings?

<p>Submucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the palatine tonsils located?

<p>In the oropharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine is the first to receive material from the small intestine?

<p>Cecum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the goblet cells in the large intestine?

<p>Producing alkaline mucus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure hangs from the cecum and contains lymphoid tissue?

<p>Appendix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bands of muscle in the muscularis externa of the large intestine called?

<p>Teniae coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the colon travels down the left side of the abdomen?

<p>Descending colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?

<p>External anal sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total length of the large intestine?

<p>1.5 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which physiological process do the anal sphincters open?

<p>Defecation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs?

<p>Intrinsic nerve plexuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach surrounds the cardioesophageal sphincter?

<p>Cardial (cardia) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach?

<p>Temporary storage and chemical breakdown of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the stomach mucosa?

<p>Simple columnar epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the rugae in the stomach?

<p>To allow the stomach to stretch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does food first enter the stomach from the esophagus?

<p>Cardioesophageal sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Peyer's patches primarily involved in?

<p>Immune response to bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the pylorus of the stomach from the small intestine?

<p>Pyloric sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT a part of the small intestine?

<p>Pylorus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

<p>Parietal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about intrinsic factor?

<p>It is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the duodenum in the digestive system?

<p>Site where bile and pancreatic enzymes are introduced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the tiny projections of the plasma membrane in the small intestine called?

<p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps to support the small intestine and attach it to the abdominal wall?

<p>Mesentery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first type of teeth to appear in a human child?

<p>Incisors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances does saliva primarily help to form?

<p>Bolus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in digestion?

<p>Emulsify fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth are primarily responsible for grinding food?

<p>Molars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

<p>Storage of bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes begins the digestion of starch?

<p>Amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is defined as the movement of food from one region of the digestive system to another?

<p>Propulsion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of mechanical breakdown during digestion?

<p>To enhance enzyme action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pulp cavity in a tooth contain?

<p>Pulp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands do?

<p>Empty saliva into the floor of the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the crown and root of a tooth?

<p>Neck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the pancreas helps to lower blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is segmentation in the context of digestion?

<p>A form of mechanical breakdown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of bile in the digestive system?

<p>Emulsify fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Absorption

The process of taking nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.

Alimentary Canal

Organs directly involved in the passage of food, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Accessory Digestive Organs

Organs that aid digestion but don't have food passing through them, like the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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Function of the Digestive System

The overall function of the digestive system is to break down food (digestion) and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream (absorption).

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Mastication

The process of chewing, which begins the digestion of food.

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Peristalsis

A wave-like muscular contraction that propels food along the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.

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Cecum

A blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine that connects to the small intestine.

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Gallbladder

A pouch attached to the liver that stores and concentrates bile.

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Dentin

A firm, yellowish tissue forming the bulk of a tooth.

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Chyme

The semi-fluid mixture of food particles mixed with digestive juices in the stomach.

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Rugae

Folds of mucosa and submucosa in the stomach that allow for expansion and better mixing of chyme.

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Duodenum

The first 10 inches of the small intestine; where most digestive processes occur.

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Mesentery

A sheet of connective tissue that suspends the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity.

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Bile

A yellow-green fluid secreted by the liver that aids in digestion.

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What are Lips?

The anterior opening of the mouth that protects it.

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What are Cheeks?

Form the sides of the mouth and help with chewing.

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What is the Hard Palate?

The hard, bony roof of the mouth.

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What is the Soft Palate?

The soft, fleshy roof of the mouth located behind the hard palate.

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What is the Uvula?

A small, fleshy projection that hangs from the soft palate.

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What is the Vestibule?

The space between the lips and teeth.

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What is the Oral Cavity Proper?

The main area of the mouth enclosed by teeth.

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What is the Tongue?

A muscular organ that helps move food, taste, and speak.

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What are Palatine Tonsils?

Small, soft masses of tissue located at the back of the mouth.

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What are Lingual Tonsils?

Small, soft masses of tissue located at the base of the tongue.

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Appendix

A small, finger-like projection hanging from the cecum, primarily composed of lymphoid tissue.

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Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

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Colon Sections

The ascending colon travels upwards, the transverse colon across, the descending colon downwards, and the sigmoid colon forms an 'S' shape before entering the pelvis.

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Anal Canal

The final part of the large intestine, ending at the anus.

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Anus

The opening of the large intestine.

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Anal Sphincters

Two sphincters control the anus: the external (voluntary, skeletal muscle) and internal (involuntary, smooth muscle).

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What is mastication?

The chewing process that breaks down food into smaller pieces.

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What are deciduous teeth?

The first set of teeth that appear in children, typically around age 2, and eventually get replaced by permanent teeth.

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What are permanent teeth?

The second set of teeth that replace deciduous teeth, usually between ages 6 and 12. They are designed for long-term use.

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What is enamel?

The hardest substance in the body, covering the crown of a tooth, and provides protection for it.

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What is dentin?

A layer of tissue found beneath enamel, forming the bulk of the tooth and surrounding the pulp cavity.

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What is the pulp cavity?

The central part of a tooth, containing blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and sensation.

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What is the root of a tooth?

The part of a tooth that extends below the gum line, anchoring the tooth to the jawbone.

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What is cement?

A thin layer of tissue that covers the root of a tooth and attaches it to the periodontal membrane.

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What is the periodontal membrane?

A membrane that surrounds the roots of teeth, holding them firmly in the bony socket of the jaw.

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What is saliva?

The fluid secreted by salivary glands, essential for digestion and moistening the mouth.

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What is salivary amylase?

An enzyme found in saliva that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates.

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What is the liver?

The largest gland in the body, located on the right side of the abdomen, and plays a critical role in digestion by producing bile.

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What is bile?

A green, fluid secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and helps in the digestion of fats.

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What is the gallbladder?

A small sac located under the liver, where bile is stored and concentrated before being released into the duodenum.

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What is the pancreas?

A soft, triangular gland behind the stomach, responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon.

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What are the nerve plexuses in the alimentary canal?

A network of nerves within the wall of the alimentary canal that regulates movement and secretion.

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What is the submucosal nerve plexus?

A layer of nerves located within the submucosa of the alimentary canal, controlling secretions.

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What is the myenteric nerve plexus?

A layer of nerves located between the muscular layers of the alimentary canal, controlling muscle contractions.

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Where is the stomach located?

A J-shaped organ located on the left side of the abdomen.

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What is the cardioesophageal sphincter?

A circular muscle that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach.

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What is the pyloric sphincter?

A circular muscle controlling the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine.

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What is the fundus of the stomach?

The upper expanded portion of the stomach, located next to the cardioesophageal sphincter.

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What is the body of the stomach?

The middle portion of the stomach, between the fundus and the pylorus.

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What is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

The concave medial surface of the stomach.

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What is the greater curvature of the stomach?

The convex lateral surface of the stomach.

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What are the functions of the stomach?

Temporary storage of food, chemical breakdown of protein, and delivery of chyme to the small intestine.

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What are rugae?

Internal folds of the stomach mucosa that increase surface area, present when the stomach is empty.

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What is the lesser omentum?

A double layer of the peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

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What is the greater omentum?

An extension of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs.

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What is the structure of the stomach mucosa?

The lining of the stomach composed of simple columnar epithelium and secretes various substances.

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What are mucus cells in the stomach mucosa?

A simple columnar epithelium in the stomach mucosa that produces bicarbonate-rich mucus.

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What are chief cells in the stomach?

A type of cell found in the gastric glands of the stomach that produces pepsinogen.

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What are parietal cells in the stomach?

A type of cell found in the gastric glands of the stomach that produces hydrochloric acid (HCl).

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What are mucous neck cells in the stomach?

A type of cell found in the gastric glands of the stomach that produces thin acidic mucus.

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What are enteroendocrine cells in the stomach?

A type of cell found in the gastric glands of the stomach that produces hormones like gastrin.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
  • Course Code: ANPH 111 (Anatomy and Physiology)
  • Course Module: 3
  • Course Unit: 10
  • Week: 13
  • Topic: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

Required Materials

  • Textbook: Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition, by VanPutte, Cinnamon, Regan, Jennifer, Russo, Andrew (2016)
  • Required Device: Computer or smartphone with internet access (at least 54 kbps)

Checklist for Course

  • Read course and unit objectives
  • Read the study guide before attending class
  • Read required learning resources; know unit terminologies
  • Proactively participate in classroom discussions
  • Participate in weekly class discussion boards (Canvas)
  • Complete and submit course unit tasks

Learning Objectives (Cognitive)

  • Identify the overall function of the digestive system, including digestion and absorption of foodstuffs
  • Name the organs of the alimentary and accessory digestive system and describe their general function
  • Explain how the accessory organs contribute to digestive processes
  • Describe how food is mixed and moved through the digestive tract

Learning Objectives (Affective)

  • Actively listen during class discussions
  • Respectfully consider and accept the opinions of classmates
  • Openly respond to class discussions

Learning Objectives (Psychomotor)

  • Actively participate in class discussions
  • Follow class rules and netiquette guidelines
  • Identify areas requiring additional research or evidence-based practice applications
  • Integrate trends in anatomy and physiology

Terminology

  • Amylase: Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
  • Appendix: Tubular organ at the end of the cecum that acts as a source of immune cells
  • Bile: Yellow-green fluid secreted by the liver that aids in digestion
  • Cecum: Blind pouch that begins the large intestine
  • Chief cells: Cells in the gastric mucosa that secrete digestive enzymes
  • Chyme: Semi-fluid mixture of food and digestive juices
  • Dentin: Yellowish tissue that forms the bulk of a tooth
  • Duodenum: First 10 inches of the small intestine, responsible for most digestive processes
  • Enteric nervous system: Network of nerves that innervates the digestive system

Gastrointestinal System Overview

  • Functions: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Defecation
  • Two Main Groups: Alimentary Canal and Accessory Digestive Organs

Organs of the Alimentary Canal

  • Mouth: oral cavity, mucous membranes, lips, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, vestibule, oral cavity proper, tongue, tonsils, and lingual frenulum
  • Pharynx: passageway for air, fluids, or food; oropharynx and laryngopharynx
  • Esophagus: tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach composed of layers of muscles; conducts food by peristalsis
  • Stomach: C-shaped organ with regions (cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus); involved in mechanical and chemical digestion; produces chyme for transport to the small intestine
  • Small Intestine: Highly coiled tube with regions (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum); digests and absorbs nutrients, aided by various enzymes. Has structural modifications like villi to maximize surface area
  • Large Intestine: Wider but shorter tube than the small intestine; regions (cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal); absorbs water and eliminates undigestible waste (feces)
    • Colon: subdivided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions
  • Anal Canal: Canal at the end of the large intestine; involved in defecation
  • Rectum: part of the large intestine involved in the storage of feces

Accessory Digestive Organs

  • Teeth: masticate food
  • Salivary Glands: produce saliva with amylase to digest starch
  • Pancreas: produces enzymes for digestion, bicarbonate for neutralising acidic chyme
  • Liver: produces bile, emulsifies fats; involved in many metabolic processes
  • Gallbladder: stores bile secreted by the liver; releases bile into the small intestine

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BSN-ANPH-M3-CU10. Digestive System PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of the human digestive system with this quiz. From the roles of various organs to specific functions like amylase production, assess your understanding of both primary and accessory digestive organs. Perfect for students studying anatomy or biology.

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