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Questions and Answers
What is the site where final and complete digestion of food takes place?
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
What is the role of goblet cells in the large intestine?
What is the purpose of the appendix?
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What is the function of the rectum?
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What is the exit point for waste material in the digestive tract?
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What type of bacteria are present in the colon?
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What is the result of fermentation of carbohydrates in the colon?
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What is the name of the saclike structure that is the first part of the large intestine?
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What type of movement propels feces during elimination?
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Study Notes
Importance of Eating
- A healthful diet satisfies three needs
Digestive System
- Anatomy of the digestive system: Mouth (Oral Cavity), Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine
- Digestion occurs in specialized compartments housing hydrolytic enzymes
Mouth (Oral Cavity)
- Anatomy: 8-11
- Physiology: teeth crush food into smaller pieces, mixing with saliva that contains enzymes to break down carbohydrates
Pharynx
- Anatomy: 1-3
- Physiology: food is swallowed, passing through the pharynx, which separates the digestive and respiratory systems
Esophagus
- Anatomy: Figure 21.6
- Physiology: peristalsis moves food boluses into the stomach, squeezing food along to the stomach
Stomach
- Anatomy: Food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter, empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter
- Physiology: stores food, breaks it down with acid and enzymes
Small Intestine
- Anatomy: extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve, has three parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
- Physiology: site of nutrient absorption into the blood, final and complete digestion of food happens here
- Microvilli increase the surface area to facilitate nutrient absorption
Large Intestine
- Anatomy: Larger in diameter, but shorter than the small intestine, has four parts: Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Anus
- Physiology: absorbs water, eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces, reclaims water
- Goblet cells produce mucus to act as a lubricant
Colon
- Bacteria in the colon are harmless unless they escape into the abdominal cavity
- Some bacteria produce Vitamin K, which is absorbed through the intestinal wall
Rectum and Anus
- Rectum: stores the feces until defecation, using peristaltic movements during elimination
- Anus: an opening at the far-end of the digestive tract, is the exit point for the waste material
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Description
Learn about the structure and function of the human digestive system, from mouth to small intestine. Understand the importance of a healthful diet and how digestion occurs in specialized compartments.
