Digestive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What triggers the release of secretin from the duodenal mucosa?

Fat presence in the duodenum

Bile secretion from the liver

Protein products in the duodenum

Acid presence in the duodenum (correct)

Which cells secrete digestive enzymes in response to CCK?

Duodenal mucosa cells

Pancreatic acinar cells (correct)

Pancreatic duct cells

Liver cells (hepatocytes)

What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

Neutralization of stomach acid

Digestion of carbohydrates

Production of pancreatic enzymes

Emulsification of fats (correct)

Which component is NOT found in bile?

Proteolytic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What role does Na+ play in NaHCO3 secretion by pancreatic duct cells?

It facilitates paracellular transport through tight junctions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the myenteric plexus of Auerbach?

Regulation of gut motility and local gut activity Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is the outer layer of the gastrointestinal tract made up of?

Longitudinal smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the serosa in the digestive system?

Lubrication and reduction of friction between digestive organs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are involved in sensing changes in the gastrointestinal tract?

Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and osmoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the spontaneous rhythmic electrical activity in the gastrointestinal tract?

Interstitial cells of Cajal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding gut motility is correct?

Intrinsic nerve plexuses promote both contraction and relaxation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the gastro-intestinal system?

Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and transfers organic molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the digestive system?

Ingestion of food and fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract?

Motility Signup and view all the answers

Which function does the mesentery perform related to the digestive organs?

Provides relative fixation and allows freedom for movements Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes exocrine secretions from endocrine secretions in the GI tract?

Exocrine secretions are released into the lumen of the GI tract, while endocrine are released into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic digestive process performed by the GI system?

Prevention Signup and view all the answers

What role do digestive secretions play in the digestive process?

They facilitate digestion by breaking down food chemically Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about absorption in the gastro-intestinal system is accurate?

It involves the uptake of nutrients into the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which digestive process is responsible for mixing food with digestive juices?

Motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

Continuation of food breakdown and absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What role does mucus play in the gastrointestinal system?

It protects against acids produced by bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the thick liquid mixture produced in the stomach called?

Chyme Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component of gastric juice secreted by the stomach?

Salivary amylase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the stomach's main functions?

Stores and initiates digestion of ingested food. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of swallowing involves the oropharyngeal phase?

Deglutition Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the stomach in relation to its capacity?

It is the most distensible part of the gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of saliva?

It helps initiate the digestion of starch. Signup and view all the answers

Which disaccharide is broken down into glucose and galactose?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

How are glucose and galactose absorbed in the intestinal cells?

Na+-dependent active transport using SGLT symporter Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the absorption mechanism for small peptides?

H+-driven tertiary active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Drying and storage Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is produced by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows monosaccharides to exit intestinal cells and enter the blood?

Facilitated diffusion via GLUT-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the colon is located below the junction of the small and large intestines?

Cecum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hepatic portal vein?

To deliver nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver Signup and view all the answers

How are bile salts primarily recycled in the body?

By active transport in the terminal ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main composition of bile salts secreted into the duodenum?

95% recycled and 5% newly synthesized Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism increases the surface area for pancreatic lipase activity during fat digestion?

Emulsification by bile salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of colipase in fat digestion?

It helps anchor lipase to fat droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutrient absorbed in the ileum?

Bile salts and vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

Why are micelles important in fat absorption?

They prevent lipid-soluble substances from floating on chyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of absorption for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Duodenum and jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal System Overview

The gastrointestinal (GI) or digestive system is a group of organs working together to break down ingested food into absorbable nutrients.
It has main functions like digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating indigestible materials.
The anatomy and functions of the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are crucial components.

Learning Outcomes

Describe the anatomy and main functions of the GI system.
Explain the digestive processes in the major parts of the digestive tract.
Describe the neural and chemical control of the GI system.
Discuss the main sites of absorption in the GI system.

Motility

Muscular contractions mix and move digestive tract contents.
Two types: propulsive (move food forward) and mixing (mix with digestive juices for digestion and absorption).

Secretion

Several digestive juices (water, electrolytes, enzymes, mucus) are crucial for the digestive process.
Both exocrine (secreted into the GI tract lumen) and endocrine (secreted into the bloodstream) secretions are significant for proper functioning.

Digestion

Biochemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler absorbable units.
Hydrolysis is the key process, involving enzymes like amylase, pepsin, and lipase.

Absorption

Transfer of digested nutrients, water, vitamins, and electrolytes into blood or lymph from the GI tract.
The small intestine (especially) is the major absorptive site.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the digestive system with this quiz that covers topics like secretin release, bile functions, gastrointestinal motility, and more. Each question is designed to challenge your understanding of the anatomy and physiology related to digestion.