Digestive System Overview

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

CCK stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder and pancreatic enzyme secretion.

Hydrochloric acid helps break down proteins, kills bacteria, and provides an acidic pH for enzyme activity.

<p>Peristalsis is a series of rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary amylase breaks down starches into sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swallowing involves voluntary action by the tongue and involuntary reflex action by the pharynx and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area for lipase action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of gastric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrin stimulates the secretion of gastric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli produces vitamin K and ferments undigested carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine has villi and microvilli that increase surface area for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HCl helps break down food and kills bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The defecation reflex is triggered by rectal stretching, leading to sphincter relaxation and feces expulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucus protects the stomach lining from acid and digestive enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micelles are small transport carriers that enable the absorption of fatty acids and monoglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient absorption in the small intestine involves active transport and diffusion through the enterocytes of the villi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) is responsible for triggering the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate neutralizes the acidic chyme when it enters the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enteric nervous system regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including peristalsis and enzyme secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peyer's patches monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacteals are lymphatic vessels that absorb dietary fats and transport them to the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach is protected by a thick layer of mucus lining its walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ileocecal valve controls the flow of chyme from the small intestine into the large intestine and prevents backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from remaining indigestible food matter, compacting it into feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) triggers the release of bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate neutralizes acidic chyme in the duodenum, creating an optimal pH for digestive enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hepatic portal vein transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsification is the process where bile salts break down large fat globules into smaller droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brush border enzymes are found on the microvilli of the small intestine and assist in the final stages of digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enteric nervous system and autonomic nervous system regulate digestion through reflexes controlling muscle contractions and secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motilin stimulates migrating motor complexes (MMCs) in the small intestine, promoting peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lack of digestive enzymes prevents the breakdown and absorption of nutrients, leading to potential gastrointestinal disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes mellitus results in the inability to produce or utilize insulin, causing cells to fail at taking in glucose, which leads to elevated blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary symptoms include open sores on the stomach wall, pain, and discomfort, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatitis is caused by excessive alcohol consumption or gallstones, leading to inflammation of the pancreas and impaired digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, which can lead to jaundice and, if untreated, may progress to liver cancer or death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder due to high cholesterol levels and often do not cause pain, making them commonly undetected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation leads to insufficient water content in feces, making excretion difficult and potentially irritating the surrounding tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, essential for normal metabolism; without it, glucose accumulates in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria in the large intestine help break down indigestible materials like cellulose and produce vitamins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas, gall bladder, and liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exocrine function of the pancreas is to produce pancreatic juice that neutralizes acidic stomach acid in chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver is a lobular organ containing approximately 100,000 lobules, with bile ducts, hepatic arteries, and portal veins between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver detoxifies blood and processes nutrients from the intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CCK is produced by the duodenal wall and stimulates the pancreas to secrete its digestive juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers