Digestive System Overview and Terminology

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Questions and Answers

Which organ is the first portion of the small intestine?

Ileum

Duodenum (correct)

Jejunum

Cecum

What does the term 'hepatomegaly' specifically refer to?

Difficulty in liver function

Disease of the liver

Surgical removal of the liver

Enlargement of the liver (correct)

Which suffix indicates surgical removal?

-ectomy (correct)

-itis

-megaly

-pathy

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Absorb nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dyspepsia' refer to?

Painful digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to excessive vomiting?

Hyperemesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in the digestive system?

Catalyze chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Irritable Bowel Syndrome primarily affects which section of the digestive system?

Large intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe below normal levels of stomach acid?

Hypoacidity Signup and view all the answers

What does 'peritoneum' refer to in the digestive system?

The large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Crohn's Disease?

Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is specifically used to examine the colon?

Colonoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation GERD stand for?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom that Ahmad experiences that led to his GERD diagnosis?

Chronic heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Hepatotoxicity refers to what kind of condition?

Poisoning of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What does the term hematemesis refer to?

Vomiting of blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with GERD?

Liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What medical intervention might Ahmad have used for his heartburn symptoms?

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the barium swallow in digestive diagnostics?

To visualize the upper digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive System Overview

The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.
Key organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Digestive System Terminology

Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine.
Ileum: The last part of the small intestine.
Jejunum: The middle part of the small intestine.
Enzyme: Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in digestion.
Peritoneum: Large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and supporting abdominal organs.
Emesis: Vomiting.
Gastr/o: Refers to the stomach. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.
Lingu/o: Refers to the tongue.
Or/o: Refers to the mouth.
Enter/o: Refers to the intestines (typically the small intestine); Enteropathy: Disease of the intestine.
Hepat/o: Refers to the liver. Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver. Hepatotoxicity: Toxicity or poisoning of the liver.
Chol/e, Cholecyst/o: Refers to bile or gallbladder. Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
Gingiv/o: Gum.
Pancreat/o: Refers to the pancreas.

Digestive System Suffixes

Pepsia: Refers to digestion. Dyspepsia: Indigestion or difficulty with digestion. Eupepsia: Normal digestion.
-ectomy: Refers to surgical removal. Appendectomy: Removal of the appendix. Colectomy: Removal of part of the colon.
-megaly: Refers to enlargement. Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver.

Digestive System Prefixes

Hyper-: Excessive or over. Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting. Hyperacidity: Excess acid in the stomach.
Hypo-: Below normal or deficient. Hypogastric: Below the stomach. Hypoacidity: Low stomach acid levels.
Dys-: Difficult or painful. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing. Dyspepsia: Difficult or painful digestion.

Common Digestive Disorders

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux irritating the esophagus.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Large intestine disorder with symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Ulcerative Colitis: Inflammatory condition of the colon exhibiting ulcer formation.
Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the digestive tract.
Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity (edema).
Cholelithiasis: Stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct.
Hemorrhoids: Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain and bleeding.
Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood.

Diagnostic Procedures

Endoscopy: Procedure using a camera to view the inside of the digestive tract.
Colonoscopy: Examination of the colon using a scope.
Barium Swallow: X-ray of the upper digestive tract after ingesting barium solution.

Hepat/o: Refers to the liver.
Hepatopathy: Disease of the liver.
Hepatotoxicity: Liver toxicity or poisoning.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage leading to liver failure.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels.

Abbreviations

(See the provided table)

Case Study (Patient Ahmad)

Age: 51 years
Occupation: Businessman
Medical History: 10-year history of heartburn worsening in the last year.
Chief Complaint: Epigastric pain, heartburn after meals and at bedtime, and regurgitation (acid reflux) without respiratory tract aspiration.
History of Present Illness: Heartburn for over 10 years, worsened in the last year, daily symptoms including at night, causing sleep disruption and fatigue. Intermittent use of OTC antacids and PPIs with limited relief.
Diagnosis: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with suspected erosive esophagitis.
Clinical Course/Prescription Treatment: Prescribed PPIs (omeprazole) to reduce stomach acid production, enabling esophagus healing.
Follow-up: Return to the clinic after 4 weeks of PPI therapy for symptom reassessment before scheduled endoscopy in 7 weeks.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of the digestive system, from its key organs to essential terminology. This quiz covers the processes of breaking down food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of digestive health.