Digestive System Lecture 3
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Digestive System Lecture 3

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'dyspepsia' refer to?

  • Loss of appetite
  • Urge to vomit
  • Frequent bowel movements
  • Difficulty or painful digestion (correct)

    • Which condition is characterized by frequent, watery bowel movements?

  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Dysphagia

    • What is the primary function of antacids?

  • Neutralizes stomach acids (correct)
  • Controls diarrhea
  • Stimulates bowel movement
  • Induces vomiting

    • Which term describes the urge to vomit?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the term that refers to difficulty swallowing.

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'emetic' refer to?

    <p>Induces vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a laxative primarily used for?

    <p>Stimulation of bowel movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'constipation'?

    <p>Difficult or infrequent defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for the duodenum?

    <p>Duoden/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is used to indicate pain?

    <p>-algia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the combining form 'Cholecyst/o' refer to?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the surgical removal of the appendix?

    <p>Appendectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Proct/o' pertains to which anatomical structure?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ileostomy' involve?

    <p>Creation of an opening in the ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following suffixes indicates vomiting?

    <p>-emesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by its use in the term 'farct/o'?

    <p>Not applicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form 'Hepat/o' denotes which organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the inflammation of the appendix?

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary protective feature of the lungs?

    <p>Ribs protect the lungs externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the entry and exit point for the lungs?

    <p>Hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the right lung have?

    <p>Three lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>Facilitating gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ectomy' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>Removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the surgical repair of the nose?

    <p>Rhinoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pneumothorax' refer to?

    <p>Air in the pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form is associated with the structure of the voice box?

    <p>Laryng/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

    <p>Palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the walls of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Covered with mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is located at the upper section near the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is commonly referred to as what?

    <p>Windpipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cilia in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Filter out large dirt particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the secondary bronchi branch from?

    <p>Main bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is commonly known as the voice box?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cessation of breathing?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by repeated breathing stops during sleep that result in decreased oxygen levels?

    <p>Sleep Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medical terms refers to an inflammation of the lungs filled with fluid?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypercapnia' indicate?

    <p>High levels of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical term denotes a condition involving difficulty in breathing that is worse when lying flat?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the epiglottis play in digestion?

    <p>It shunts food away from the lungs and into the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix would indicate a narrowing in medical terminology?

    <p>-stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the mixing of food with gastric juice?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a progressive decrease in lung function, often associated with smoking?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the excessive or deep breathing?

    <p>Hyperpnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the saliva?

    <p>Ptyalo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anosmia?

    <p>Loss or impairment of the sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>The wavelike muscular movement in the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms means a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat?

    <p>Otorhinolaryngology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ primarily functions to store bile?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the J-shaped muscular organ in the digestive system?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the gums?

    <p>Gingiv/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chyme?

    <p>The semiliquid mixture of food and digestive juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the pharynx is where swallowed food enters?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Lecture 3

    • Covered topics: Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology, Combining Forms, Related Suffixes, Common Diseases.
    • References:
      • Medical Terminology: a Living Language by Bonnie F. Fremgen, Suzanne S. Frucht
      • Medical Terminology Simplified by Barbra AGylys, Regina M.Masters; 5th edition
      • An Introduction to Medical Terminology for Health Care by Andrew R. Mutton 3rd EDITION
      • Medical terminology for health professions by ANN EHRLICH and CAROL L. SCHROEDER 6th Edition

    Gastrointestinal System (GI) Anatomy

    • Structures: Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Colon (including rectum and anus)
    • Accessory organs: Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

    I- Oral Cavity

    • Palate: Bony anterior and soft posterior. Uvula hangs from soft palate.
    • Lips: Anterior opening of the oral cavity
    • Gums: Mucous membrane that surrounds teeth
    • Tongue: Moves food within the mouth. Mixes food with saliva.

    Combining Forms (Oral Cavity)

    • Stomat/o: Mouth
    • Or/o: Mouth
    • Lingu/o, Gloss/o: Tongue
    • Sial/o: Salivary gland
    • Ptyalo: Saliva
    • Gingiv/o: Gum
    • Dent/o, Odont/o: Teeth
    • Examples of related terms: Stomatitis, Perioral, Sublingual, Glossopharyngeal, Sialorrhea, Ptyalism, Gingivitis, Dental, Odontalgia

    II- Pharynx

    • Consists of Orphasynx, where swallowed food enters.
    • Proceeds down pharynx into laryngopharynx.
    • Epiglottis covers larynx and trachea to shunt food away from lungs and into esophagus.

    III- Esophagus

    • Long muscular tube that pushes food by wavelike muscular movements (peristalsis) to the stomach.

    IV- Stomach

    • J-shaped muscular organ that mixes food with gastric juice (hydrochloric acid (HCI)) to form chyme (watery mix).
    • Parts include: Fundus, Body (with rugae), Antrum, Cardiac/Lower Esophageal Sphincter, Pyloric Sphincter

    Combining Forms (Esophagus, Pharynx, Stomach)

    • Esophag/o: Esophagus
    • Pharyng/o: Pharynx (throat)
    • Gastr/o: Stomach
    • Pylor/o: Pylorus
    • Related examples: Esophag/o/scope, Pharyng/o/tonsill/itis, Gastr/o/scopy, Pylor/o/tomy

    V- Small Intestine

    • Begins at pyloric sphincter and ends at the colon.
    • Site of food absorption
    • Divided into: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

    Combining Forms (Small Intestine)

    • Enter/o: Small intestine
    • Duoden/o: Duodenum
    • Jejun/o: Jejunum
    • Ile/o: Ileum
    • Examples: Enter/o/pathy, Duoden/o/scopy, Jejun/o/rrhaphy, Ile/o/stomy

    VI- Colon Regions

    • Includes the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus
    • Function: Final stages of digestion and water absorption

    Combining Forms (Colon Regions)

    • Append/o: Appendix
    • Appendic/o: Appendix
    • Col/o, Colon/o: Colon
    • Rect/o: Rectum
    • Proct/o: Anus
    • Sigmoid/o: Sigmoid Colon
    • Examples: Append/ectomy, Appendic/itis, Col/o/stomy, Colon/o/scopy, Rect/o/cele, proct/o/logist, Sigmoid/o/scope

    Combining Forms (Accessory organs)

    • Hepat/o: Liver
    • Chol/e, chol/o: Bile/gall
    • Cholecyst/o: Gallbladder
    • Cholangi/o: Bile vessel
    • Choledoch/o: Bile duct
    • Pancreat/o: Pancreas
    • -algia: pain
    • -dynia: pain
    • -emesis: vomiting
    • -megaly: enlargement
    • -orexia: appetite
    • -pepsia: digestion
    • -phagia: swallowing
    • -rrhea: discharge, flow

    Digestive System - Diseases

    • anorexia: loss of appetite

    • diarrhea: frequent, watery bowel movements

    • nausea: urge to vomit

    • emesis: vomiting

    • constipation: difficult or infrequent defecation

    • Other terms related to Digestive System function and issues

    • antacids, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, emetic, laxative

    Exercise

    • Includes questions related to various definitions and concepts from the lecture, requesting medical terms for given definitions.

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    Related Documents

    Digestive System Lecture 3 PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system in this quiz based on Lecture 3. Delve into medical terminology related to the gastrointestinal system and understand the function of key structures, including the oral cavity and accessory organs. Test your knowledge on combining forms and common diseases that affect the digestive system.

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