Questions and Answers
What is the medical term for chewing with teeth?
mastication
What is the medical term for swallowing?
deglutition
What is the medical term for throat?
pharynx
What is the small flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing?
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What are the macroscopic folds in the stomach that expand when you eat called?
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What is the term for the progressive wave-like movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body?
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What are the microscopic finger-like projections in the intestines called?
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How long is the small intestine?
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What are the three parts of the small intestine in order?
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How much if any digestion occurs in the large intestine?
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What is the medical term for mouth?
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What is the medical term for tongue?
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What is the medical term for cheek?
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What is the medical term for lip?
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What is the medical term for teeth?
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What is the medical term for gum(s)?
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What is the medical term for saliva or salivary gland?
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What is the medical term for esophagus?
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What is the medical term for pharynx (throat)?
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What is the medical term for stomach?
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What is the medical term for intestine?
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What is the medical term for appendix?
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What is the medical term for rectum/anus?
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What is the medical term for liver?
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What is the medical term for bile or gall?
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What does the suffix -emesis indicate?
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What does the suffix -orexia refer to?
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What are the two types of hernia mentioned?
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What are four vital functions of the liver?
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What is the medical term for the storage place for bile?
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What is the difference between Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B?
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What is jaundice?
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What is diverticulosis?
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What is anorexia?
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What is ascites?
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What is borborygmus?
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What is cholelithiasis?
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What is cirrhosis?
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What is colic?
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What is dysphagia?
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What is flatus?
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What is halitosis?
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What is melena?
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What is obstipation?
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What is anastomosis?
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What are liver function tests (LFTs)?
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What is stool guaiac?
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What is sialography?
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What are antacids used for?
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What does AIDS stand for?
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What does CT stand for in medical terminology?
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What does EGD stand for?
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What does GERD stand for?
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What does GI stand for?
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What does IBS stand for?
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What does NG stand for?
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What does PD stand for?
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What does RO stand for?
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What does STAT mean?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology in Digestive System
- Mastication: The process of chewing, essential for breaking down food.
- Deglutition: Refers to swallowing, a critical step in the digestive process.
- Pharynx: The throat area that plays a role in both respiration and digestion.
- Epiglottis: Cartilaginous flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Anatomy of the Digestive Tract
- Rugae: Folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion as food is ingested.
- Peristalsis: Involuntary wave-like muscular contractions that transport food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
- Villi: Small finger-like projections in the intestines that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
- Length of Small Intestine: Approximately 20 feet long.
- Parts of Small Intestine: Composed of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, in that order.
Digestion and Absorption
- Large Intestine: No significant digestion occurs here; its primary function is absorption and waste elimination.
- Oral Terminology: Terms like or/o, stomat/o (mouth) and gloss/o, lingu/o (tongue) are key for identifying oral structures.
- Salivary Glands: Controlled by sial/o terminology, these glands are crucial for initial digestion.
Disorders and Conditions
- Inguinal vs Hiatal Hernia: Inguinal refers to hernia in the groin area while hiatal involves the upper stomach pushing through the diaphragm.
- Liver Functions: Produces bile, stores vitamins, synthesizes proteins, and assists in blood clotting.
- Hepatitis Types: Hepatitis A is infectious and due to contaminated food/water, while Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin caused by liver impairment.
Common Digestive Issues
- Diverticulosis: Formation of pocket-like structures in the large intestine lining.
- Anorexia: Loss of appetite leading to eating difficulties.
- Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, often from liver disease.
- Borborygmus: Gurgling or rumbling sounds from gas movement in the intestines.
Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures
- Cholelithiasis: Presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct.
- Cirrhosis: Liver scarring due to chronic disease.
- Colic: Painful spasms in tubular organs, especially in the colon.
- Anastomosis: Surgical joining of two sections of the bowel or ducts.
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Blood tests assessing liver damage and function.
- Stool Guaiac Test: Detects hidden blood in stool samples.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
- AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
- CT: Computed Tomography, imaging procedure to visualize internal organs.
- EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, an examination to view the esophagus and stomach.
- GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, chronic digestive condition.
- IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, affecting the large intestine.
- NG: Nasogastric, related to tube insertion through the nose to the stomach.
- PD: Peptic Ulcer Disease, sores in the stomach or intestines.
- RO: Rule Out, a term often used in diagnostics.
- STAT: Means to perform an action immediately.
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Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the digestive system with these flashcards. Each term is defined in a way that helps you understand its significance in anatomy and physiology. Perfect for medical students and anyone interested in health sciences.