Ch. 6 Digestive System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for chewing with teeth?

mastication

What is the medical term for swallowing?

deglutition

What is the medical term for throat?

pharynx

What is the small flap of cartilage that folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing?

epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What are the macroscopic folds in the stomach that expand when you eat called?

rugae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the progressive wave-like movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body?

peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic finger-like projections in the intestines called?

villi Signup and view all the answers

How long is the small intestine?

20 feet long Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the small intestine in order?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum Signup and view all the answers

How much if any digestion occurs in the large intestine?

none. 0.zero.nada Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for mouth?

or/o, stomat/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for tongue?

gloss/o, lingu/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for cheek?

bucc/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for lip?

cheil/o, labi/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for teeth?

dent/o, odont/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for gum(s)?

gingiv/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for saliva or salivary gland?

sial/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for esophagus?

esophag/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for pharynx (throat)?

pharyng/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for stomach?

gastr/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for intestine?

enter/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for appendix?

append/o, appendic/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for rectum/anus?

rect/o, proct/o, an/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for liver?

hepat/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for bile or gall?

chol/e Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -emesis indicate?

vomit Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -orexia refer to?

appetite Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of hernia mentioned?

hiatal Signup and view all the answers

What are four vital functions of the liver?

produces bile, stores vitamins, synthesizes proteins, blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for the storage place for bile?

gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B?

Hep A: infectious via contaminated food/water Signup and view all the answers

What is jaundice?

yellowing of the skin because of liver problems Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulosis?

condition in which small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is anorexia?

lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat Signup and view all the answers

What is ascites?

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is borborygmus?

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by the passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is cholelithiasis?

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is cirrhosis?

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is colic?

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, and accompanied by pain Signup and view all the answers

What is dysphagia?

inability or difficulty in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is flatus?

gas in the GI tract expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus Signup and view all the answers

What is halitosis?

bad breath Signup and view all the answers

What is melena?

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices Signup and view all the answers

What is obstipation?

severe constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is anastomosis?

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other Signup and view all the answers

What are liver function tests (LFTs)?

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract Signup and view all the answers

What is stool guaiac?

test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of hidden blood in the feces, also known as Hemoccult Signup and view all the answers

What is sialography?

radiological examination of the salivary glands and ducts Signup and view all the answers

What are antacids used for?

to treat and prevent heartburn and acid reflux Signup and view all the answers

What does AIDS stand for?

acquired immune deficiency syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does CT stand for in medical terminology?

computed topography Signup and view all the answers

What does EGD stand for?

esophagogastroduodenoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What does GERD stand for?

gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

What does GI stand for?

gastrointestinal Signup and view all the answers

What does IBS stand for?

irritable bowel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does NG stand for?

nasogastric Signup and view all the answers

What does PD stand for?

peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

What does RO stand for?

rule out Signup and view all the answers

What does STAT mean?

immediately Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology in Digestive System

Mastication: The process of chewing, essential for breaking down food.
Deglutition: Refers to swallowing, a critical step in the digestive process.
Pharynx: The throat area that plays a role in both respiration and digestion.
Epiglottis: Cartilaginous flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Anatomy of the Digestive Tract

Rugae: Folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion as food is ingested.
Peristalsis: Involuntary wave-like muscular contractions that transport food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Villi: Small finger-like projections in the intestines that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
Length of Small Intestine: Approximately 20 feet long.
Parts of Small Intestine: Composed of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, in that order.

Digestion and Absorption

Large Intestine: No significant digestion occurs here; its primary function is absorption and waste elimination.
Oral Terminology: Terms like or/o, stomat/o (mouth) and gloss/o, lingu/o (tongue) are key for identifying oral structures.
Salivary Glands: Controlled by sial/o terminology, these glands are crucial for initial digestion.

Disorders and Conditions

Inguinal vs Hiatal Hernia: Inguinal refers to hernia in the groin area while hiatal involves the upper stomach pushing through the diaphragm.
Liver Functions: Produces bile, stores vitamins, synthesizes proteins, and assists in blood clotting.
Hepatitis Types: Hepatitis A is infectious and due to contaminated food/water, while Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin caused by liver impairment.

Common Digestive Issues

Diverticulosis: Formation of pocket-like structures in the large intestine lining.
Anorexia: Loss of appetite leading to eating difficulties.
Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, often from liver disease.
Borborygmus: Gurgling or rumbling sounds from gas movement in the intestines.

Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures

Cholelithiasis: Presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct.
Cirrhosis: Liver scarring due to chronic disease.
Colic: Painful spasms in tubular organs, especially in the colon.
Anastomosis: Surgical joining of two sections of the bowel or ducts.
Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Blood tests assessing liver damage and function.
Stool Guaiac Test: Detects hidden blood in stool samples.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
CT: Computed Tomography, imaging procedure to visualize internal organs.
EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, an examination to view the esophagus and stomach.
GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, chronic digestive condition.
IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, affecting the large intestine.
NG: Nasogastric, related to tube insertion through the nose to the stomach.
PD: Peptic Ulcer Disease, sores in the stomach or intestines.
RO: Rule Out, a term often used in diagnostics.
STAT: Means to perform an action immediately.

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the digestive system with these flashcards. Each term is defined in a way that helps you understand its significance in anatomy and physiology. Perfect for medical students and anyone interested in health sciences.