Digestive System Histological Organization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the enterohepatic circulation?

  • To stimulate epithelial cell division in the duodenum
  • To regulate the production of gastric acid
  • To transport bile salts from the liver to the gallbladder
  • To contribute to the immunological defense of the gastrointestinal tract (correct)
  • What is the primary function of the Brunner glands in the duodenum?

  • To produce an alkaline fluid that protects the duodenal epithelium from acidic chyme
  • To produce urogastrone, a polypeptide hormone that enhances epithelial cell division
  • To inhibit gastric HCl production
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Which layer of the muscularis mucosae of the small intestine is responsible for peristalsis?

  • Both the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers (correct)
  • The outer longitudinal layer
  • The inner circular layer
  • Neither layer is responsible for peristalsis
  • What is the primary function of the Auerbach (myenteric) plexus in the small intestine?

    <p>To coordinate the contractions of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the serosa and the adventitia in the small intestine?

    <p>The serosa covers the entire small intestine, while the adventitia covers only part of the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is responsible for the formation of feces?

    <p>The colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands are found in the lamina propria of the esophagus?

    <p>Esophageal cardiac glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

    <p>Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?

    <p>Esophageal glands proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the muscularis mucosae in the esophagus?

    <p>A single longitudinal layer of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the muscularis externa in the upper third of the esophagus?

    <p>Only skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the gastric mucosa?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells are found in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

    <p>To convey a bolus of food from the pharynx into the stomach by peristaltic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the gastric wall contains the Meissner (submucosal) plexus?

    <p>Submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the visible mucus produced by the surface lining cells of the gastric mucosa?

    <p>To protect the epithelial lining from autodigestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscularis externa in the gastric wall?

    <p>To provide structural support and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT found in the submucosa of the gastric wall?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the portal lobule in terms of its structure?

    <p>Triangular region with three apices neighboring central veins and a center in a portal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of blood flow into the liver?

    <p>Hepatic artery from the abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hepatic acinus of Rappaport defined based on its histologic appearance?

    <p>Diamond-shaped region encompassing triangular sections of adjacent classic liver lobules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is bile flow incorporated into the concept of the portal lobule?

    <p>Bile duct is in the center of the lobule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basis is used to divide the hepatic acinus of Rappaport into three zones?

    <p>Proximity of hepatocytes to incoming blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the liver's blood supply does the portal vein contribute?

    <p>70% to 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma cells in the immune system?

    <p>Produce dimeric IgA bound by protein J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dimeric IgA become secretory IgA (sIgA)?

    <p>It binds to dimeric IgA receptors on the basal membrane of intestinal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the intestinal lumen?

    <p>It remains in the lumen to provide immune defense against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protein J in the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA)?

    <p>It binds two monomeric IgA molecules to form dimeric IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about activated B lymphocytes is correct?

    <p>They migrate to the lamina propria and differentiate into plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the secretory IgA (sIgA) that is reabsorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?

    <p>It is transported to the liver and secreted as part of bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

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