Digestive System Histological Organization Quiz

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What is the primary function of the enterohepatic circulation?

To stimulate epithelial cell division in the duodenum
To regulate the production of gastric acid
To transport bile salts from the liver to the gallbladder
To contribute to the immunological defense of the gastrointestinal tract (correct)

What is the primary function of the Brunner glands in the duodenum?

To produce an alkaline fluid that protects the duodenal epithelium from acidic chyme
To produce urogastrone, a polypeptide hormone that enhances epithelial cell division
To inhibit gastric HCl production
All of the above (correct)

Which layer of the muscularis mucosae of the small intestine is responsible for peristalsis?

Both the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers (correct)
The outer longitudinal layer
The inner circular layer
Neither layer is responsible for peristalsis

What is the primary function of the Auerbach (myenteric) plexus in the small intestine?

To coordinate the contractions of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the serosa and the adventitia in the small intestine?

The serosa covers the entire small intestine, while the adventitia covers only part of the duodenum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the large intestine is responsible for the formation of feces?

The colon (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are found in the lamina propria of the esophagus?

Esophageal cardiac glands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?

Esophageal glands proper (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the muscularis mucosae in the esophagus?

A single longitudinal layer of smooth muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the muscularis externa in the upper third of the esophagus?

Only skeletal muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the gastric mucosa?

Simple columnar epithelium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are found in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa?

Smooth muscle cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

To convey a bolus of food from the pharynx into the stomach by peristaltic activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the gastric wall contains the Meissner (submucosal) plexus?

Submucosa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the visible mucus produced by the surface lining cells of the gastric mucosa?

To protect the epithelial lining from autodigestion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscularis externa in the gastric wall?

To provide structural support and motility (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the submucosa of the gastric wall?

Parietal cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines the portal lobule in terms of its structure?

Triangular region with three apices neighboring central veins and a center in a portal area (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of blood flow into the liver?

Hepatic artery from the abdominal aorta (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the hepatic acinus of Rappaport defined based on its histologic appearance?

Diamond-shaped region encompassing triangular sections of adjacent classic liver lobules (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is bile flow incorporated into the concept of the portal lobule?

Bile duct is in the center of the lobule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What basis is used to divide the hepatic acinus of Rappaport into three zones?

Proximity of hepatocytes to incoming blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the liver's blood supply does the portal vein contribute?

70% to 80% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma cells in the immune system?

Produce dimeric IgA bound by protein J (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does dimeric IgA become secretory IgA (sIgA)?

It binds to dimeric IgA receptors on the basal membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the intestinal lumen?

It remains in the lumen to provide immune defense against pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein J in the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA)?

It binds two monomeric IgA molecules to form dimeric IgA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about activated B lymphocytes is correct?

They migrate to the lamina propria and differentiate into plasma cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the secretory IgA (sIgA) that is reabsorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?

It is transported to the liver and secreted as part of bile (D) Signup and view all the answers