30 Questions
What is the primary function of the enterohepatic circulation?
To contribute to the immunological defense of the gastrointestinal tract
What is the primary function of the Brunner glands in the duodenum?
All of the above
Which layer of the muscularis mucosae of the small intestine is responsible for peristalsis?
Both the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
What is the primary function of the Auerbach (myenteric) plexus in the small intestine?
To coordinate the contractions of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa
What is the primary difference between the serosa and the adventitia in the small intestine?
The serosa covers the entire small intestine, while the adventitia covers only part of the duodenum
Which part of the large intestine is responsible for the formation of feces?
The colon
Which glands are found in the lamina propria of the esophagus?
Esophageal cardiac glands
What type of epithelium lines the esophagus?
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Which glands are found in the submucosa of the esophagus?
Esophageal glands proper
What is the composition of the muscularis mucosae in the esophagus?
A single longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
What is the composition of the muscularis externa in the upper third of the esophagus?
Only skeletal muscle
What type of epithelium lines the gastric mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following cells are found in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa?
Smooth muscle cells
What is the function of the muscularis externa of the esophagus?
To convey a bolus of food from the pharynx into the stomach by peristaltic activity
Which layer of the gastric wall contains the Meissner (submucosal) plexus?
Submucosa
What is the function of the visible mucus produced by the surface lining cells of the gastric mucosa?
To protect the epithelial lining from autodigestion
What is the primary function of the muscularis externa in the gastric wall?
To provide structural support and motility
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the submucosa of the gastric wall?
Parietal cells
What defines the portal lobule in terms of its structure?
Triangular region with three apices neighboring central veins and a center in a portal area
What is the primary source of blood flow into the liver?
Hepatic artery from the abdominal aorta
How is the hepatic acinus of Rappaport defined based on its histologic appearance?
Diamond-shaped region encompassing triangular sections of adjacent classic liver lobules
How is bile flow incorporated into the concept of the portal lobule?
Bile duct is in the center of the lobule
What basis is used to divide the hepatic acinus of Rappaport into three zones?
Proximity of hepatocytes to incoming blood
What percentage of the liver's blood supply does the portal vein contribute?
70% to 80%
What is the primary function of plasma cells in the immune system?
Produce dimeric IgA bound by protein J
How does dimeric IgA become secretory IgA (sIgA)?
It binds to dimeric IgA receptors on the basal membrane of intestinal epithelial cells
What is the fate of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the intestinal lumen?
It remains in the lumen to provide immune defense against pathogens
What is the role of protein J in the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA)?
It binds two monomeric IgA molecules to form dimeric IgA
Which of the following statements about activated B lymphocytes is correct?
They migrate to the lamina propria and differentiate into plasma cells
What happens to the secretory IgA (sIgA) that is reabsorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
It is transported to the liver and secreted as part of bile
Test your knowledge on the histological organization of the alimentary canal, focusing on the lining of the lumen with mucosa, submucosa, and various layers. Learn about the epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and more.
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