Digestive System Functions Quiz

<p>Submucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transports digested molecules into the blood or lymph. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To push food and fluid along the digestive tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To push food back and forth, mixing it with digestive secretions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To coordinate mixing and propulsion reflexes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasympathetic innervation promotes GI tract activity, while sympathetic innervation opposes it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short reflexes only involve the ENS, while long reflexes involve sensory input to the CNS and autonomic motor output. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of food entering the stomach. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of stretch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic chyme refluxing into the esophagus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of esophageal tissue and increased risk of cancerous growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pylorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal lining of the stomach, only present when the stomach is empty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains three layers of muscle for churning and mixing of food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce serous fluid to lubricate the external surface of the stomach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect stomach epithelial cells from the acidic environment and mechanical injuries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Required for vitamin B12 absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert the bolus into chyme through churning and mixing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate and maintain a regular rhythm of muscular contractions in the stomach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inactive precursor to pepsin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-15% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reverse flow of some gastric contents back toward the stomach after the pyloric sphincter closes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motion sickness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric ulcers occur in the stomach, while duodenal ulcers occur in the duodenum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secrete stomach motility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To be a holding bag for partially digested food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric contents forced into and through the esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-digested bolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiating the chemical breakdown of starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixing the bolus with gastric secretions to form chyme. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharyngeal phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incisors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submandibular salivary glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates sections to help digest fat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical digestion breaks down food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks down food into different molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits bacterial growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorbing water-soluble vitamins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates intestinal movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Medulla and the Pons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuously release secretions independent of food intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity, initiating digestion.

Muscular contractions that mix and move materials through the GI tract, both voluntary and involuntary.

The process of producing and releasing fluids that aid in digestion.

Physical process of breaking down food by chewing and churning.

Four concentric layers of the GI tract: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, and Adventitia.

The process of smooth muscle contraction that pushes food along the digestive tract.

The process of pushing food back and forth in the digestive tract to mix it, rather than move it along.

A fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place.

The network of sensory and motor neurons controlling the GI tract's functions.

Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions, including GI tract activity.

A local reflex involving only the ENS to coordinate small segments of the GI tract.

Involves sensory input to the CNS and autonomic output for wider GI control.

A hormone secreted when food enters the stomach, promoting digestive activity.

Hormone secreted when high-fat food enters small intestine; stimulates pancreas and gall bladder to aid fat digestion.

Includes organs directly involved in digestion, such as the stomach and intestines.

Includes organs like salivary glands, pancreas, and liver that support digestion but aren't part of the GI tract itself.

Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food (chewing), while chemical digestion involves enzymatic breakdown of food substances.

Structures that produce saliva; includes intrinsic and extrinsic glands for varying saliva amounts and functions.

Enzyme in saliva that begins starch digestion.

The process of chewing that mechanically breaks down food.

The ball-like mass of food formed in the mouth, ready for swallowing.

The phase in swallowing where bolus is transported through the esophagus, reflexive and involuntary.

Antibacterial enzyme in saliva that helps inhibit bacterial growth.

Semiliquid mass of partially digested food that moves from stomach to intestines.

Muscle that prevents food from entering the trachea during breathing.

Muscle that prevents reflux of food from the stomach back into the esophagus.

Condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus due to acidic chyme reflux.

Condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm.

Gastric folds in the stomach that are visible when empty.

A substance required for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the stomach.

Strong acid in the stomach that aids in digestion.

Inactive precursor to pepsin, aids in protein digestion once activated.

Indentations in stomach mucosa containing various gastric glands.

Layer in the stomach with three muscle layers for churning food.

An enzyme that digests 10-15% of fat in the stomach.

Mechanical process changing bolus into chyme.

Movement of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.

Specialized stomach cells creating contraction rhythm.

Erosion in the stomach or duodenum leading to pain.

Rapid expulsion of stomach contents through mouth.

Intragastric pressure increases during vomiting.

Feeling of discomfort that often precedes vomiting.

Reverse flow of contents back toward the stomach.