Digestive System Overview Quiz

The digestive tract, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Organs that assist digestion but are not part of the alimentary canal, such as teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.

The process of taking food into the digestive tract.

Moving food through the digestive tract, including swallowing and peristalsis.

Waves of muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal.

Physical breakdown of food, including chewing, mixing, and churning.

The breakdown of food into simpler molecules.

The uptake of nutrients into the blood or lymph from the digestive tract.

Elimination of indigestible waste from the body.

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering most digestive organs.

The space lined by the peritoneum that allows digestive organs to slide smoothly against one another.

A double layer of peritoneum that provides blood vessels and nerves to the digestive organs, and helps hold them in place.

The blood supply to the digestive organs, which includes arteries like the hepatic, splenic, and mesenteric that deliver blood to the liver, stomach, spleen and intestines.

A special circulation that collects nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs and delivers it to the liver for processing.

The four layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa) forming the walls of the digestive tract from esophagus to anus.

The innermost layer of the alimentary canal, responsible for secretion, absorption, and protection.

The lining of the mucosa, made of simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells which secrete mucus.

Connective tissue layer beneath the epithelium in the mucosa; nourishes epithelium & absorbs nutrients.

Smooth muscle layer in mucosa; produces local movements of the mucosa.

Connective tissue layer under mucosa; contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and elastic fibers.

Layer of smooth muscle responsible for segmentation and peristalsis.

Protective outer layer of the digestive tract; serosa is visceral peritoneum, adventitia is fibrous.

Mouth. Bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue.

Epithelium lining the mouth; resists abrasion.

Anterior part of the palate; made of bone and assists in chewing.

Posterior portion of the palate; mobile and closes the nasopharynx during swallowing.

Occupies the floor of the mouth and assists with chewing and swallowing.

Filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate papillae cover the tongue's surface.

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands produce saliva.

The parotid duct opens next to the upper second molar.

Teeth are grouped by shape and function: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Molars crush and grind food during chewing.

Muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach.

Passes through the mediastinum and diaphragm.

Swallowing process from mouth to stomach involving throat muscles and sphincters.

Rounded mass of chewed food ready to be swallowed.

Where the esophagus enters the stomach.

Breaks down proteins and turns food into chyme.

Fluid mass of partly digested food.

Dome-shaped region beneath the diaphragm in the stomach.

Midportion of the stomach.

Part of the stomach leading to the duodenum, including the antrum and canal.

The terminal part of the stomach, before the duodenum.

Ring of muscle controlling passage of food from stomach to duodenum.

Convex lateral surface of the stomach.

Concave medial surface of the stomach.

Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

A large apron-like fold from greater curvature to small intestine.

Comes from the celiac trunk and related veins.

Tube from pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve; duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Where bile duct and main pancreatic duct join duodenum.

Valve separating ileum from cecum (large intestine).

Structures in stomach's lining that secrete gastric juice and other substances.

Secrete mucus within gastric glands in the stomach.

Stomach cells secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Fingerlike extensions of the mucosa in the small intestine.

Tiny projections of absorptive cells' plasma membrane.

Inner lining of the small intestine, made of absorptive cells and goblet cells.

Cells in the small intestine that secrete intestinal juice.

Immune tissues in the small intestine's submucosa.

Duodenal glands that secrete alkaline mucus.

Largest gland in the body.

Four lobes (right, left, caudate, quadrate).

Separates liver lobes, suspends it in the abdominal wall.

Remnant of umbilical vein, part of the falciform.

Connects liver to stomach.

Area where blood vessels enter the liver.

Rests on inferior surface of the right lobe of liver.

Bile ducts from liver fuse to form the common hepatic duct which further merges with the cystic duct.

Hexagonal-shaped structural and functional units of the liver.

Liver cells that form plates radiating outward

Structures consisting of a bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein found at the corners of a liver lobule.

Carries oxygen-rich blood to the liver.

Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to the liver.

Leaky capillaries in the liver located between hepatic plates.

Liver macrophages in liver sinusoids.

Liver cells responsible for bile production, nutrient processing, vitamin storage, and detoxification.

A fluid produced by hepatocytes which aids in fat digestion.

Stores and concentrates bile.

Connects the gallbladder to the bile duct.

Sac-like portion of the large intestine.

Worm-like projection found in the cecum.

Major part of large intestine.

Supporting mesentery for transverse and sigmoid colon.

A thickened muscle ring at the junction of two digestive organs that controls food passage.

The gastroesophageal sphincter, located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, regulates food entry into the stomach.

The gastrointestinal sphincter is located at the junction of two adjacent digestive organs, like the esophagus and stomach.

The muscular layer of the digestive tract is thickened to create a sphincter.

Gastrointestinal sphincters control the flow of food through the digestive tract, ensuring proper digestion and preventing backflow.

A ring of thickened smooth muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach that controls the passage of food into the stomach.

The gastroesophageal sphincter, located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, controls the passage of food into the stomach.

The gastroesophageal sphincter is situated at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, acting as a barrier between the two.

The gastroesophageal sphincter plays a crucial role in preventing the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, protecting the esophagus from the corrosive stomach acids.

The gastroesophageal sphincter ensures that food enters the stomach and is digested properly. It also prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus, which could cause heartburn.

The gastrointestinal tract has four layers (tunics) from inside to outside: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa (or adventitia).

The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, responsible for secretion, absorption, and protection.

The submucosa is a connective tissue layer beneath the mucosa. It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and elastic fibers.

The muscularis externa is a layer of smooth muscle that contracts to move food through the digestive tract (peristalsis).

The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract. It's called adventitia in some areas. It provides protection and lubricates organs.

Insulates, cushions, and protects abdominal organs; contains immune cells and fat for energy storage.

Collections of immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) in the greater omentum, contributing to the immune defense of the abdominal cavity.