Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down protein into smaller particles of peptides and amino acids.

The main functions of the digestive system are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

The four main layers of the GI tract are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

<p>The three parts of the small intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of salivary glands are the parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main functions of the liver include detoxification, metabolism, production of bile, and storage of glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main functions of the gall bladder are to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver, and to release it into the small intestine for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main functions of the pancreas are to produce digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid production in the stomach involves the parietal cells secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl). This process is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system and hormones such as gastrin and histamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main hormones that regulate acid production in the stomach are gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vagus nerve stimulates the release of acetylcholine, which triggers the release of gastrin and histamine, ultimately leading to increased acid production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor enzyme that is produced by chief cells in the stomach. When it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid, it is converted into its active form, pepsin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, protein synthesis, membrane transport, cell signalling, DNA replication, and cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP is formed through a process called cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to generate energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creatine phosphate is a high-energy compound stored in muscle cells that serves as a rapid energy source to replenish ATP stores during intense muscle activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate. It is the number of calories required by the body to function at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that affect BMR include age, sex, weight, height, genetics, physical activity, and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculating BMR is important for determining caloric requirements for individuals, planning diets, and understanding health issues related to weight loss or gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers