Digestive Pretest - Multiple Choice Questions
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

  • serosa
  • muscularis mucosae
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa (correct)

    • Which structure attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

  • greater omentum
  • falciform ligament
  • lesser omentum (correct)
  • haustra

    • Identify the smooth muscle constriction between the ileum and cecum.

  • ileocecal valve (correct)
  • haustra
  • splenic flexure
  • hepatic flexure

    • What is the bulblike union of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct called?

    <p>hepatopancreatic ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in the stomach secretes pepsinogen?

    <p>chief cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is responsible for the peristaltic waves that propel materials through the digestive tract?

    <p>muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the junction of the transverse and ascending colon?

    <p>hepatic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?

    <p>It absorbs a significant amount of water and salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding enteroendocrine cells is false?

    <p>They never secrete their product into the lumen of the digestive canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure acts as the boundary between the transverse and descending colon?

    <p>Splenic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the intestine, where are the undifferentiated epithelial stem cells located?

    <p>Deep within the intestinal glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune component helps to destroy bacteria that manage to spread into the circulation?

    <p>Hepatic macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of mastication, what is the primary role of molars compared to incisors?

    <p>Biting off pieces of food versus grinding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily innervated by the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Pharynx and anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does not enter or leave the porta hepatis?

    <p>Hepatic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an accessory organ of digestion?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does blood flow through from the portal venule to the central vein in the liver lobule?

    <p>Hepatic sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the colon does the transverse colon bend to become the descending colon?

    <p>Splenic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the region of the stomach closest to the esophagus?

    <p>Cardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calcified connective tissue that holds the root of the tooth to the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are contained within the porta hepatis?

    <p>Hepatic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the longitudinal folds of the stomach mucosa called?

    <p>Rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves inflammation of the intestines, causing deep ulcers and fissures?

    <p>Crohn's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper term for 'baby' teeth?

    <p>Deciduous teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced and secreted by the exocrine cells of the pancreas?

    <p>pancreatic juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the pancreas is highlighted?

    <p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the highlighted vessel?

    <p>to carry nutrient-rich but oxygen-poor blood to the hepatocytes of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the liver is highlighted?

    <p>right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature of the small intestine is highlighted?

    <p>villus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the highlighted type of tooth would be found in permanent dentition?

    <p>eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the stomach is highlighted?

    <p>fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is highlighted in this question?

    <p>crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the terminal portion of the small intestine?

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of layers in the wall of the alimentary canal, from internal to external?

    <p>mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the digestive tube contains elastin, blood vessels, and glands?

    <p>submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly distinguishes Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Crohn's disease produces deeper erosions and can affect the entire intestines, while ulcerative colitis primarily affects the rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the large intestine is false?

    <p>It is longer than the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures of the small intestine enhance nutrient absorption?

    <p>villi, microvilli, and circular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue that nourishes the epithelium of the mucosa called?

    <p>lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duct is formed by the joining of the right and left hepatic ducts?

    <p>common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for changing the shape of the tongue?

    <p>Intrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plicae circulares?

    <p>Transverse folds of the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a mesentery?

    <p>To connect organs to the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures contains villi?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT categorized as an intrinsic muscle of the tongue?

    <p>Styloglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lacteals play in the small intestine?

    <p>Absorption of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the muscularis mucosae in the digestive tract?

    <p>It assists in the movement of the digestive contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the laryngopharynx from other parts of the pharynx?

    <p>It serves as a passage for food and air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that is attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum?

    <p>appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve?

    <p>cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The taenia coli are defined as what kind of anatomical feature?

    <p>longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are haustra in the context of the colon?

    <p>expansible pouches of the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hepatic flexure mark the transition of the colon into?

    <p>ascending colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure supports the small intestine and provides stability?

    <p>mesentery proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile stored in the digestive system?

    <p>gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the basic functional unit of the liver?

    <p>lobule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs is not a component of the digestive tract?

    <p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the stomach regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine?

    <p>Pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the GI tract that provides structural support and contains blood vessels?

    <p>submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure contains folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach?

    <p>Rugae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the common passage for bile and pancreatic juices into the small intestine?

    <p>hepatopancreatic ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera?

    <p>Greater omentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the colon is referred to as the hepatic flexure?

    <p>junction of the ascending and transverse colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure captures fats and assists in their absorption within the small intestine?

    <p>lacteals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are gastric pits located and what is their function?

    <p>Openings into gastric glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the stomach that serves as a mixing chamber for food?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the teniae coli in the colon?

    <p>to create haustra through muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus?

    <p>Fundus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?

    <p>large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the storage of bile before it is released into the small intestine?

    <p>gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of secretion is produced by parietal cells in the stomach?

    <p>hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>Absorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tongue-tied' refer to?

    <p>A short lingual frenulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the splenic flexure of the colon located?

    <p>Left hypochondriac region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for serosa?

    <p>Visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many deciduous teeth are typically found in children?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

    <p>To regulate the entry of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) primarily located?

    <p>Lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lesser omentum connect?

    <p>Lesser curvature of the stomach and the porta hepatis of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the gastric glands secrete pepsinogen?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hepatic portal blood interact with blood from the hepatic artery?

    <p>They mix in the sinusoids of the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct?

    <p>Blockage of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of villi in the intestines?

    <p>Absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the liver lobule delivers blood to the portal venule?

    <p>Sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for creating haustra in the large intestine?

    <p>Longitudinal smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of bacteria in the small intestines?

    <p>Synthesizing certain vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the liver involving blood from the hepatic portal system?

    <p>It is mixed with arterial blood for metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the function of the stomach?

    <p>It churns food into a paste by mechanical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

    <p>Storage of bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about intestinal bacteria is correct?

    <p>The intestine provides a warm and moist environment for bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the major role of hepatocytes?

    <p>They detoxify poisons and process nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is closest to the liver in the large intestine?

    <p>Cecum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the function of the greater omentum?

    <p>It acts as a barrier to infections in the abdominal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is classified as secondarily retroperitoneal?

    <p>Transverse colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the structure of the small intestine is inaccurate?

    <p>It is where fats enter directly into the blood circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the stomach connects to the esophagus?

    <p>Cardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells secrete pepsinogen in the stomach?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary glands are located in the floor of the mouth?

    <p>Sublingual glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum?

    <p>appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the teeth known as canines called?

    <p>Cuspids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is saclike and joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve?

    <p>cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely?

    <p>Uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the taenia coli?

    <p>longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the muscular contractions that propel contents through the digestive tract?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which flexure does the colon transition to the descending colon?

    <p>hepatic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the structure known as rugae in the digestive tract?

    <p>Expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland empties into the oral cavity near the second upper molar?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supports nearly all of the small intestine while providing stability and limited movement?

    <p>mesentery proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is bile stored in the human body?

    <p>gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic functional unit of the liver?

    <p>lobule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the structure labeled '6'?

    <p>mixes stomach juice into food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the structure labeled '12.'

    <p>pylorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plicae and intestinal villi serve what primary function in the small intestine?

    <p>increase the surface area of the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peyer patches are characteristic of which segment of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure attaches to the cecum at its beginning?

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organ primarily responsible for water absorption is the:

    <p>large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digestive organ is primarily responsible for the absorption of water?

    <p>large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Another name for serosa is what?

    <p>visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To say someone is 'tongue-tied' means that the ______.

    <p>lingual frenulum is short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many deciduous teeth are there typically?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesentery that suspends the small intestine is known as the ______.

    <p>mesentery proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not contained in saliva?

    <p>enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The splenic or left colic flexure of the colon is located within which region?

    <p>left hypochondriac region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the digestive tube contains abundant elastin plus blood vessels, lymphoid nodules, and deep glands?

    <p>submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Crohn's disease produces deeper erosions throughout the intestines, while ulcerative colitis occurs mostly in the rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the large intestine is false?

    <p>It is shorter than the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the connective tissue that nourishes the epithelium of the mucosa?

    <p>lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the layers of the small intestine that enhance nutrient absorption?

    <p>villi and circular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the stomach is located closest to the esophagus?

    <p>cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the liver is typically the largest?

    <p>right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the highlighted vessel in the liver?

    <p>to carry nutrient-rich but oxygen-poor blood to the hepatocytes of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many premolars are typically found in permanent dentition?

    <p>eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is highlighted as part of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the pancreas is and what role does it play?

    <p>body, producing enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>villus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive Pretest - Multiple Choice Questions

    • Question 1: The function of structure "6" is to mix stomach juice into food. It controls stomach muscle contractions, and prevents food from entering the esophagus. It does not filter or regulate emptying.

    • Question 2: Structure "12" is the greater curvature.

    • Question 3: Structure "3" (or 9 in one answer choice) helps the stomach stretch as it fills with food.

    • Question 4: Structure "7" is the greater curvature.

    • Question 5: Structure "10" is the circular muscle layer.

    • Question 6: Plicae and intestinal villi increase the surface area of the small intestine's mucosa.

    • Question 7: Peyer patches are characteristic of the ileum.

    • Question 8: The middle segment of the small intestine is the jejunum.

    • Question 9: The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the ileum.

    • Question 10: The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

    • Question 11: Products of fat digestion are transported initially by lymphatic vessels.

    • Question 12: The organ primarily responsible for water absorption is the large intestine.

    • Question 13: At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the transverse colon.

    • Question 14: The small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the appendix.

    • Question 15: The saclike structure that joins with the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the cecum.

    • Question 16: The taenia coli are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall.

    • Question 17: Haustra are expansible pouches of the colon.

    • Question 18: At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the transverse colon.

    • Question 19: The mesentery proper supports the small intestine, providing stability and limited movement.

    • Question 20: Bile is stored in the gallbladder.

    • Question 21: The structure that divides the right and left lobes of the liver is the falciform ligament.

    • Question 22: Kupffer cells in the liver are phagocytic, destroying bacteria, and destroying red blood cells.

    • Question 23: The basic functional unit of the liver is the lobule.

    • Question 24: The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of pancreatic acini.

    • Question 25: In the center of a liver lobule there is a central vein.

    • Question 26: The human liver is composed of four lobes.

    • Question 27: Plicae circulares are circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

    • Question 28: The bladder is not part of the digestive tract.

    • Question 29: The cardia of the stomach is indicated by letter "A".

    • Question 30: The region that regulates chyme passage into the small intestine is the pylorus (indicated by letter "E").

    • Question 31: The folds that allow stomach expansion are rugae (indicated by letter "C").

    • Question 32: The curvature area where the greater omentum attaches is the greater curvature (indicated by letter "B").

    • Question 33: The two pair(s) of salivary glands is the parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands.

    Additional Questions/Structures

    • Questions 34-120: Detailed answers pertaining to specific digestive system structures and functions are provided in the full text.

    • Information about anatomical structures, functions, and processes are present across the document.

    • Information pertaining to questions 170 - 198 and beyond involves the identification of structures from diagrams or images.

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    Digestive System Pretest PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the digestive system with this pretest consisting of multiple choice questions. Explore the functions and structures of the stomach and intestines while assessing your understanding of key concepts in digestion.

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