Digestive and Respiratory Systems Quiz

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The process of taking in food through the mouth.

The process of removing waste products from the body.

The process of moving nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

The removal of undigested food waste from the body.

The part of the digestive system that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

Organs that secrete digestive juices, such as salivary glands, gastric glands, intestinal glands, liver, and pancreas.

Chemical substances that speed up digestion.

Process that breaks down food into smaller pieces using teeth.

Saliva is a digestive juice produced by salivary glands in the mouth.

The initial stage of digestion that begins in the mouth.

Tooth type with a flat and sharp crown used for cutting food.

Tooth type with a conical and pointed crown used for tearing food.

Tooth type with a wide and flat crown, with two or more protuberances, used for crushing and grinding food.

Tooth type with a wide and flat crown, with three or four protuberances, used for crushing and grinding food.

The primary muscle responsible for breathing. It helps to increase the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation.

Muscles located between the ribs that help expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing.

The process of air entering the lungs.

The process of air leaving the lungs.

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

The number of breaths taken per minute.

The exchange of gases between the body and the environment. It includes both breathing and cellular respiration.

The physical process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

A tube that carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs, has cartilaginous rings that keep it open.

Two branches of the trachea that enter the lungs, also have cartilaginous rings.

Tiny branches of the bronchi that carry air to the alveoli, the thinnest ones lack cartilage.

Small air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide in the blood.

The movement of air into and out of the lungs during breathing.

The process by which oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli.

The tendency of gases to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

The membranes surrounding the lungs that help protect them and facilitate ventilation.

The process that occurs in mitochondria, using glucose and oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

The system of tubes and organs that help us breathe, bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.

The set of tubes through which air travels, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

The primary organs of respiration, where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

The layer of tissue lining the airways, composed of ciliated cells and mucus cells, that helps to moisten and clean the air.

A small flap of tissue that closes off the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.

Vibrating vocal cords located in the larynx that produce sound waves.

A circular muscle that controls the passage of substances between different parts of the body, acting like a valve.

The cardia is a sphincter located at the top of the stomach, connecting it to the esophagus. It prevents food from flowing back into the esophagus.

The pylorus is a sphincter located at the bottom of the stomach, connecting it to the small intestine. It prevents undigested food from passing into the small intestine.

The stomach has three layers of muscle: circular, longitudinal, and oblique. This additional layer allows for more efficient churning and mixing of food.

Gastric juice, produced by gastric glands, contains hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsinogen, and mucin.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) helps break down food, activates pepsinogen, and kills bacteria.

Pepsinogen is an inactive enzyme that is activated by hydrochloric acid into pepsin, which breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

Mucin protects the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of hydrochloric acid.