Diarrhea, Constipation, and IBS Pharmacotherapy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the common causative organisms of bacterial and viral infectious diarrhea?

  • Salmonella and Norovirus
  • Campylobacter and Adenovirus (correct)
  • Shigella and Hepatitis A virus
  • E. coli and Rotavirus

    • How do acute and chronic diarrhea differ?

  • Acute diarrhea persists for weeks, while chronic diarrhea lasts for a few days.
  • Acute diarrhea has a sudden onset and lasts for a few days, while chronic diarrhea has a gradual onset and persists for weeks. (correct)
  • Acute diarrhea has a gradual onset and persists for weeks, while chronic diarrhea has a sudden onset and lasts for a few days.
  • Acute diarrhea has a sudden onset and persists for weeks, while chronic diarrhea has a gradual onset and lasts for a few days.

    • Which of the following is not one of the five therapeutic goals in the treatment of diarrhea?

  • Elimination of causative organisms
  • Symptomatic relief
  • Promotion of gut motility (correct)
  • Rehydration

    • What are common lifestyle causes of constipation?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle and low-fiber diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Abdominal pain, bloating, and alternating constipation/diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of treating diarrhea?

    <p>To control diet and prevent excessive water, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Viral or bacterial infections from contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can constipation be managed?

    <p>By increasing intake of fiber and fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of diarrhea based on altered intestinal transport?

    <p>Infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the prevalence of constipation higher?

    <p>In women compared to men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common gastrointestinal condition diagnosed in North Americans?

    <p>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of primary constipation is characterized by abnormality of GI transit time leading to infrequent defecation?

    <p>Slow transit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of constipation treatment?

    <p>To relieve symptoms and reestablish normal bowel habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for the treatment of IBS-C (Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation)?

    <p>Linzess© (linaclotide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of IBS, resulting from altered somatovisceral and motor dysfunction of the intestine?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of constipation treatment?

    <p>To relieve symptoms and reestablish normal bowel habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for the treatment of IBS-D (Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea)?

    <p>Linaclotide (Linzess©)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contributing factors to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Altered somatovisceral and motor dysfunction of the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary modification is recommended for nonpharmacologic therapy in constipation treatment?

    <p>Gradually increase fiber intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of primary constipation is characterized by normal GI motility and stool frequency but difficulty evacuating, hard stools, or bloating?

    <p>Normal transit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal condition in North Americans?

    <p>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of laxatives are recommended for IBS-C (Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation) treatment?

    <p>Dietary fiber, psyllium or PEG laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of slow transit constipation?

    <p>Abnormality of GI transit time leading to infrequent defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of constipation in elderly individuals?

    <p>Inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has shown benefit in IBS-D with moderate to severe pain?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of diarrhea?

    <p>Increased frequency and decreased consistency in bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does chronic diarrhea typically last?

    <p>More than 30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of acute diarrhea?

    <p>Food or waterborne viruses, bacteria, or protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can diarrhea be prevented?

    <p>Hand washing and proper food and water handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of treating diarrhea?

    <p>Symptomatic relief and rehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adult population worldwide can constipation affect?

    <p>Between 10% and 15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more commonly affected by constipation?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does treatment for constipation involve?

    <p>Diet and lifestyle modifications, and may include medications and other interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative organism of bacterial infectious diarrhea?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do acute and chronic diarrhea differ?

    <p>Acute diarrhea has a sudden onset and lasts for a short duration, while chronic diarrhea has a gradual onset and lasts for a longer duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major goal of constipation treatment?

    <p>Promoting regular bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is commonly used to treat diarrheal attacks?

    <p>Antidiarrheal agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle causes are commonly associated with constipation?

    <p>Low fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to treat opioid-induced constipation?

    <p>Methylnaltrexone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the expected onset effects of general classes of laxatives?

    <p>Delayed onset (6-12 hours)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Constipation is a common gastrointestinal (GI) condition, affecting 1 in 4 adults and 4x more likely in the elderly

    • Associated factors include inactivity, lower socioeconomic class, lower income, non-white race, symptoms of depression, and history of physical or sexual abuse

    • Constipation can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary

    • Primary constipation can be divided into three categories: normal transit, slow transit, and pelvic floor dysfunction

    • Normal transit: normal GI motility and stool frequency but difficulty evacuating, hard stools, or bloating

    • Slow transit: abnormality of GI transit time leading to infrequent defecation

    • Pelvic floor dysfunction: muscles or sphincter contract during defecation instead of relaxing

    • Constipation treatment major goals are to relieve symptoms, reestablish normal bowel habits, and improve quality of life

    • Nonpharmacologic therapy includes dietary modification to gradually increase fiber intake, proper fluid intake, and pelvic floor retraining therapy

    • Pharmacologic therapy includes three types of laxatives and various other medications

    • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most commonly diagnosed GI condition, affecting 10-12% of North Americans with a 2:1 female predominance

    • IBS is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of any organic cause

    • IBS likely results from altered somatovisceral and motor dysfunction of the intestine from a variety of causes

    • Known contributing factors include genetics, motility factors, inflammation, colonic infections, mechanical irritation to local nerves, and psychological factors

    • IBS treatment is based on the predominant symptoms and their severity, ranging from lifestyle changes to pharmacological agents

    • IBS-D treatment includes avoidance of certain food products, use of antidiarrheal or antispasmodic agents, and use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

    • IBS-C treatment includes use of dietary fiber, psyllium or PEG laxatives, and use of the Guanylate Cyclase-C agonist, Linzess© (linaclotide)

    • IBS can be treated with various medications, including tricyclic antidepressants, Duloxetine (SNRI), Eluxadoline (Viberzi©), rifaximin, and alosetron (Lotronex ©) (on REMS)

    • Tricyclic antidepressants and Duloxetine (SNRI) have shown some benefit in IBS-D with moderate to severe pain.

    • IBS treatment references include Diarrhea, Constipation, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach.

    • Diarrhea is a common condition characterized by increased frequency and decreased consistency in bowel movements compared to an individual's normal pattern.

    • Diarrhea can be classified into four broad clinical groups: secretory, osmotic, exudative, and altered intestinal transport.

    • Diarrhea can be acute (lasting for less than 14 days) or chronic (lasting for more than 30 days).

    • Acute diarrhea can be caused by several factors, including food or waterborne viruses, bacteria, or protozoa, and is more prevalent in developing countries where it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially among children.

    • Prevention of diarrhea can be achieved through environmental hygiene practices such as hand washing, proper food and water handling, and storage. Vaccines, such as the oral cholera vaccine and vaccines for typhoid and rotavirus, are also effective in preventing diarrhea.

    • Treatment of diarrhea aims to manage diet, prevent excessive water, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, provide symptomatic relief, and treat curable causes. Rehydration and water maintenance are essential treatment goals.

    • Diarrhea can be managed with various treatment options including opiates and derivatives, adsorbents, antisecretory agents, anticholinergic drugs, and lactase enzyme products.

    • Constipation is a common condition characterized by difficult or infrequent passage of stool, and can be acute or chronic depending on the duration of symptoms.

    • Constipation can affect up to 15% of the adult population worldwide, and is more common in women. Prevalence depends on the definition used and whether the condition is self or provider-reported.

    • Treatment for constipation involves addressing underlying causes, such as diet and lifestyle modifications, and may include medications and other interventions.

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    Diarrhea.Constipation.IBS.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the common causative organisms of bacterial and viral infectious diarrhea, therapeutic goals in the treatment of diarrhea, factors correlated with the prevention of diarrhea, and drug categories used to treat diarrheal attacks. This quiz is designed for students of pharmacotherapy and related fields.

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