Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the predominant cause of acute coronary syndromes?
What is the predominant cause of acute coronary syndromes?
- Atherosclerotic plaque rupture (correct)
- Endothelial dysfunction
- The formation of fatty streaks
- Inflammation formation of atherosclerotic
Which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation cascade following plaque rupture?
Which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation cascade following plaque rupture?
- Plasmin
- Factor Xa
- Thrombin (factor IIa) (correct)
- Thromboplastin
Which symptom is commonly associated with acute coronary syndromes?
Which symptom is commonly associated with acute coronary syndromes?
- Nausea or vomiting (correct)
- Earache
- Joint pain
- Visual disturbances
What is the main characteristic of STE MI (Q-wave or transmural MI) on ECG?
What is the main characteristic of STE MI (Q-wave or transmural MI) on ECG?
What is the characteristic ECG finding in NSTE MI (non–Q-wave or non-transmural MI)?
What is the characteristic ECG finding in NSTE MI (non–Q-wave or non-transmural MI)?
What are the major lipids found in the body?
What are the major lipids found in the body?
Which lipoprotein carries 60% to 70% of the total serum cholesterol?
Which lipoprotein carries 60% to 70% of the total serum cholesterol?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
Which class of lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters and is smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
Which class of lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters and is smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Which lipoprotein carries about 10% to 15% of serum cholesterol and is a precursor for LDL?
Which lipoprotein carries about 10% to 15% of serum cholesterol and is a precursor for LDL?
Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting fatty acids and cholesterol derived from the diet or synthesized in the intestines from the gut to the liver?
Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting fatty acids and cholesterol derived from the diet or synthesized in the intestines from the gut to the liver?
Which apolipoprotein is a ligand for LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral cells?
Which apolipoprotein is a ligand for LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral cells?
Which lipoprotein plays a small role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is large, and transports cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver?
Which lipoprotein plays a small role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is large, and transports cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver?
Which lipoprotein particle contains apolipoproteins B-100, E, and C, and is formed in the liver?
Which lipoprotein particle contains apolipoproteins B-100, E, and C, and is formed in the liver?
Which class of lipoproteins is associated with abnormalities that can result in a predisposition to coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases?
Which class of lipoproteins is associated with abnormalities that can result in a predisposition to coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
Which lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters, smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
Which lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters, smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
Which abnormality can be defined as an elevation in total cholesterol, elevation in LDL cholesterol, elevation in triglycerides, or low HDL cholesterol concentration?
Which abnormality can be defined as an elevation in total cholesterol, elevation in LDL cholesterol, elevation in triglycerides, or low HDL cholesterol concentration?
Which lipoprotein carries about 10% to 15% of serum cholesterol and is a precursor for LDL?
Which lipoprotein carries about 10% to 15% of serum cholesterol and is a precursor for LDL?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What is the process called when HDL transports cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver?
What is the process called when HDL transports cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver?
What kind of lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters, smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
What kind of lipoprotein is enriched with cholesterol esters, smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
What is the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy?
Which apolipoprotein is a ligand for LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral cells?
Which apolipoprotein is a ligand for LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral cells?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What constitutes one of the two major risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
What lipoprotein transports fatty acids and cholesterol derived from the diet or synthesized in the intestines from the gut to the liver?
What lipoprotein transports fatty acids and cholesterol derived from the diet or synthesized in the intestines from the gut to the liver?
Which lipoprotein particle contains proteins on its outer surface called apolipoproteins?
Which lipoprotein particle contains proteins on its outer surface called apolipoproteins?
How much of the total cholesterol does VLDL carry in serum?
How much of the total cholesterol does VLDL carry in serum?
What lipoprotein is formed in the liver and serves as a precursor for LDL?
What lipoprotein is formed in the liver and serves as a precursor for LDL?
Study Notes
Acute Coronary Syndromes
- The predominant cause of acute coronary syndromes is plaque rupture.
- The symptom commonly associated with acute coronary syndromes is chest pain.
Coagulation Cascade
- Thrombin is the enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation cascade following plaque rupture.
ECG Characteristics
- The main characteristic of STE MI (Q-wave or transmural MI) on ECG is the presence of Q-waves.
- The characteristic ECG finding in NSTE MI (non–Q-wave or non-transmural MI) is ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion.
Lipids and Lipoproteins
- The major lipids found in the body are cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
- LDL carries 60% to 70% of the total serum cholesterol.
- The primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy is LDL.
- LDL is enriched with cholesterol esters, smaller, denser, and more atherogenic than less dense VLDL.
- VLDL carries about 10% to 15% of serum cholesterol and is a precursor for LDL.
- Chylomicrons transport fatty acids and cholesterol derived from the diet or synthesized in the intestines from the gut to the liver.
- Apolipoprotein B-100 is a ligand for LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and peripheral cells.
- HDL plays a small role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is large, and transports cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver through the process of reverse cholesterol transport.
- LDL is formed in the liver and serves as a precursor for LDL.
- Lipoproteins associated with abnormalities that can result in a predisposition to coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases include LDL, VLDL, and HDL.
- Dyslipidemia can be defined as an elevation in total cholesterol, elevation in LDL cholesterol, elevation in triglycerides, or low HDL cholesterol concentration.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the pharmacotherapy of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with this quiz. Explore the etiology, clinical syndromes, and treatment options for ACS.
