Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults Quiz-Exam-1
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Questions and Answers

Which gland is responsible for the production of growth hormone?

  • Adrenal gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland (correct)
  • Thyroid gland

    • Which hormone is responsible for controlling the function of the thyroid gland?

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    • Which component of the pituitary gland is responsible for the production of hormones?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Anterior lobe (correct)
  • Posterior lobe
  • Infundibulum

    • What is the function of somatomedins?

    <p>To stimulate bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>oxytocin and vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin?

    <p>Stimulates milk ejection from the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ADH primarily active in the body?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ADH?

    <p>Osmoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acromegaly?

    <p>Excess growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Release of anti-diuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between negative and positive feedback?

    <p>Negative feedback decreases hormone secretion, while positive feedback increases hormone secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Excessive thirst, frequent urination, water deprivation test, hormone replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?

    <p>High serum osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for mild cases of SIADH?

    <p>Fluid restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for the patient with a large amount of urine output and low urine osmolality?

    <p>Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the patient's Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Head trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for moderate cases of SIADH?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Increased blood levels of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>GHRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inhibits the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Increased glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary GH deficiency and secondary GH deficiency?

    <p>Primary GH deficiency is due to deficient GH production, while secondary GH deficiency is due to a problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with the GH deficiency syndrome in adults?

    <p>Central adiposity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be diagnosed in adults by measuring low levels of three or more pituitary hormones and low IGF-1 levels?

    <p>Growth hormone deficiency (GH deficiency)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for growth hormone deficiency?

    <p>Growth hormone replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe excessive growth in height, muscles, and organs in children due to growth hormone excess before puberty?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acromegaly?

    <p>GH-secreting somatotrope adenoma in the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial lab test for the diagnosis of acromegaly?

    <p>Serum IGF-1 testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?

    <p>Decreased urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones regulates the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone (GH)?

    <p>Stimulating bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the pituitary gland is responsible for the production of hormones?

    <p>Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Increased blood levels of cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of GH deficiency in children?

    <p>Delayed bone age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial lab test for the diagnosis of short stature?

    <p>Sequential height measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of GH deficiency in adults?

    <p>GH deficiency that developed during adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with the GH deficiency syndrome in adults?

    <p>Increased visceral fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of acromegaly?

    <p>GH-secreting somatotrope adenoma in the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>GHRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of acromegaly?

    <p>Enlarged hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be diagnosed in adults by measuring low levels of three or more pituitary hormones and low IGF-1 levels?

    <p>GH deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for acromegaly?

    <p>Surgical removal of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of Cushing's disease?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Addison's disease?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for Graves' disease?

    <p>Administration of radioactive iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between acromegaly and gigantism?

    <p>Acromegaly is characterized by excessive bone growth, while gigantism is characterized by excessive muscle growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?

    <p>Decreased urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the patient's Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Decreased ADH hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be diagnosed in adults by measuring low levels of three or more pituitary hormones and low IGF-1 levels?

    <p>Growth hormone deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for growth hormone deficiency?

    <p>Growth hormone replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for controlling the function of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe excessive growth in height, muscles, and organs in children due to growth hormone excess before puberty?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acromegaly?

    <p>Excess secretion of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for the patient with a large amount of urine output and low urine osmolality?

    <p>Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inhibits the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to short stature in children?

    <p>IGF deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of short stature in children?

    <p>Secondary GH deficiency (panhypopituitarism)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardiovascular risk factors associated with GH deficiency in adults?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk ejection from the breast in response to suckling?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Secrete ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of vasopressin on vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on the renal collecting ducts?

    <p>Increased water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Hypo-osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for controlling the function of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypofunction of the endocrine glands?

    <p>Deficiency or lack of an enzyme needed for hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for milk production and breast growth?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones enhances fatty acid mobilization and increases blood glucose levels?

    <p>Growth Hormone (GH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones inhibits the secretion of growth hormone?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is responsible for water retention in Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for mild cases of SIADH?

    <p>Fluid restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a large amount of urine output and low urine osmolality?

    <p>Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone responsible for controlling the function of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?

    <p>Hypersecretion of ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of GH deficiency in children?

    <p>Delayed puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of acromegaly?

    <p>Enlarged hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be diagnosed in adults by measuring low levels of three or more pituitary hormones and low IGF-1 levels?

    <p>Growth hormone deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the patient's Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults?

    <p>Two or more tests are usually performed to ensure accuracy in diagnosing GH deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of pituitary gigantism?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of acromegaly?

    <p>GH-secreting somatotrope adenoma in the pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of acromegaly?

    <p>Delayed puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the recommended initial lab test for diagnosing acromegaly?

    <p>Serum IGF-1 testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pituitary Gland and Hormones

    • The pituitary gland is responsible for the production of growth hormone, which is stimulated by the primary hormone GH-RH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone).
    • The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone.
    • The posterior pituitary gland produces and stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

    Growth Hormone

    • Growth hormone is responsible for regulating growth and development in children and adolescents.
    • GH-RH stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.
    • Somatomedins, also known as insulin-like growth factors, are produced in response to growth hormone and help regulate growth and development.
    • Growth hormone deficiency can lead to short stature in children, while excess growth hormone can cause gigantism (before puberty) or acromegaly (after puberty).

    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

    • ADH is responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps maintain proper blood osmolality.
    • ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
    • The primary function of ADH is to promote water retention and reduce urine output.
    • Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by a lack of ADH, leading to excessive thirst and urination.

    Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

    • TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates the function of the thyroid gland.
    • TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for metabolism and growth.

    Acromegaly

    • Acromegaly is a condition characterized by excess growth hormone production in adults, leading to abnormal growth and enlargement of organs and tissues.
    • The most common cause of acromegaly is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland.
    • Symptoms of acromegaly include joint pain, sleep apnea, and enlarged hands and feet.

    Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

    • SIADH is a condition characterized by excess production of ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.
    • Symptoms of SIADH include headache, nausea, and seizures.
    • The primary treatment goal for SIADH is to correct hyponatremia and manage symptoms.

    Diabetes Insipidus

    • Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by a lack of ADH, leading to excessive thirst and urination.
    • Symptoms of diabetes insipidus include polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia.
    • The primary treatment goal for diabetes insipidus is to replace ADH and manage symptoms.

    Other Hormones

    • Oxytocin is responsible for stimulating milk ejection from the breast in response to suckling.
    • Prolactin is responsible for milk production and breast growth.
    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is responsible for stimulating the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other hormones.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Learn about the key indicators such as low IGF-1 levels and subnormal serum GH responses to provocative stimuli.

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