Hormones and the Pituitary Gland

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Which hormone directly stimulates the production of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (correct)

Growth hormone (GH)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

What are the primary stimuli for the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Elevated levels of TRH

Fever, hypoglycemia, and stressors (correct)

Diminishing levels of thyroid hormones

Increased levels of glucose

How does the body respond to increasing levels of glucocorticoids?

Enhanced GH release

Increased production of TSH

Decreased secretion of CRH and ACTH (correct)

Elevated TRH levels

Which gland is primarily responsible for secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the pituitary gland?

It stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT directly associated with regulating the secretion of ACTH?

Increased levels of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of permissiveness in hormone function?

One hormone's effect is dependent on the presence of another hormone. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates hormone synergism?

Glucagon and epinephrine together increasing glucose release significantly. Signup and view all the answers

How can hormonal antagonism affect metabolic processes?

Downregulating receptor expression required for another hormone. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism controls blood levels of hormones?

Negative feedback systems. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Declining blood calcium levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are released by the adrenal medulla in response to neural stimuli?

Catecholamines. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for growth hormone (GH)?

Somatotropic hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct metabolic effect of GH?

Increased rate of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits GH release by providing feedback to the hypothalamus?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by overgrowth of bones in the hands, feet, and face due to GH hypersecretion after the epiphyseal plates have closed?

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

What intermediate substances does GH primarily exert its effects through?

Somatomedins Signup and view all the answers

Which property is associated with pituitary dwarfism caused by GH deficiency in children?

Normal body proportions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stimulates GH secretion?

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to GH's general growth-promoting effects, what specific differentiation effect does GH have?

Inducing differentiation of bone growth cells Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic effect is known as the 'anti-insulin effect' of GH?

Decreased rate of glucose utilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of acromegaly?

Tumor in the anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers