Diabetes Types and Metabolic Syndrome Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  • Insulin resistance in the cells
  • Autoimmune response damaging pancreatic beta cells (correct)
  • Overproduction of insulin by the pancreas
  • Obesity and excess weight

What percentage of diabetes cases does Type 1 diabetes account for?

  • 90%-95%
  • 50%-60%
  • 5%-10% (correct)
  • 15%-20%

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes?

  • Weight gain (correct)
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Polyphagia

What is the main goal of weight loss for someone with prediabetes?

<p>5%-7% of body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following eating patterns is beneficial for managing blood glucose levels?

<p>Mediterranean diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ketoacidosis primarily a result of?

<p>Inadequate carbohydrate utilization or breakdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategies are part of diabetes self-management education?

<p>Monitoring blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the insulin response in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Constantly high insulin levels due to insulin resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an inability to produce insulin.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, despite the pancreas producing it. Over time, this resistance leads to a decrease in insulin production, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

What is ketoacidosis?

Ketoacidosis is a dangerous complication of diabetes, especially Type 1. It occurs when the body starts breaking down fat for energy, leading to a buildup of acidic ketones in the blood. This can cause serious health problems, including coma and even death.

What is Prediabetes?

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. It's a warning sign that you're at increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Mediterranean diet?

The Mediterranean diet is a healthy eating pattern that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. It's rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, and is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases, including diabetes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the DASH diet?

The DASH diet is a dietary approach designed to help lower blood pressure. It emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products while limiting saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. It's a great choice for people with diabetes, as it can help manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Carb Counting?

Carb counting is a method of managing carbohydrates, which are the body's primary source of energy. It involves tracking the number of carbohydrate grams in each meal and making adjustments to meet individual blood sugar goals. It's a fundamental approach for people with diabetes, especially those on insulin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Plate Method?

The Plate Method is a simple way to manage carbohydrates at meals by dividing your plate into sections. Half of your plate should be non-starchy vegetables, one quarter should be lean protein, and the remaining quarter should be whole grains or starchy vegetables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Type 1 Diabetes

  • Affects 5-10% of diabetics
  • Usually diagnosed before age 18
  • Immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells
  • Body cannot produce insulin
  • Symptoms include: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis

  • Accumulation of ketone bodies
  • Leads to acidosis
  • Related to incomplete breakdown of fatty acids due to carbohydrate deficiency or insufficient carbohydrate intake

Type 2 Diabetes

  • Accounts for 90-95% of diagnosed cases
  • Body cells do not respond to insulin properly or effectively
  • Pancreas overcompensates by producing more insulin, but not enough to lower blood sugar
  • Insulin receptors decrease and tissue becomes less sensitive over time
  • Insulin eventually becomes insufficient, leading to type 2 diabetes
  • Risk factors include metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension)

Metabolic Syndrome

  • Cluster of risk factors for CVD
  • Includes: central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension

Prediabetes

  • Blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis
  • Strong link between excess weight and insulin resistance
  • Complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, impaired wound healing, and periodontal disease
  • Weight loss is often a primary focus

Diabetes Self-Management

  • Education and support programs teach skills in managing diabetes
  • Include healthy eating, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, medication management, and coping mechanisms

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

  • Leading cause of death in people with diabetes.
  • Also known as ASCVD

Weight Management

  • Prediabetes: 5-7% weight loss goal
  • Type 1: Improvements in A1c (glycated hemoglobin)

Dietary Management for Diabetes (Type 2)

  • 5% weight loss is a goal
  • Deficit of 500-700 calories daily, or a low-calorie total intake (e.g., 1200-1500 calories daily depending on gender)
  • Nutrient-dense foods are encouraged
  • Diet patterns (low-carb, vegetarian, vegan, DASH) can assist in blood glucose control
  • Meal planning using carb counting or plate method helps to manage carbohydrate intake
  • Foods containing carbohydrates are counted in carb choices (1 carb choice = 15g carbohydrates)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Nutrition Notes (1) PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser