Diabetes Overview and Types

Insulin lipodystrophy is a term for fatty masses that develop at injection sites if they were not rotated properly.

They are at risk for hypoglycemia.

Metformin is a biguanide that reduces the production of glucose during digestion, helps reduce insulin resistance, and must be taken with meals.

<p>To stimulate beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular-acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive hunger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FPG and OGTT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Odor (Sweet/fruity odor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes is a disorder of the metabolism that develops when the pancreas doesn't make enough insulin or is unable to efficiently use insulin, or both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin is a hormone that is secreted from the pancreas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin regulates your blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prediabetes, Type 1, Type 2, Gestational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prediabetes is often diagnosed when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but are not high enough for a true diagnosis of diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in children, teens or young adults and means that the pancreas produces little to no insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to use insulin properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gestational diabetes only occurs during pregnancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight, diet, inactivity, age, family history/genetics, race or ethnicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent urination, increased thirst, unexplained weight loss or gain, dry, itchy skin, tingling or loss of feeling in the feet, fatigue, blurred vision, sores that do not heal properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-fasting describes someone who has eaten and drank as normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasting refers to not eating or drinking normally, often for medical reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia occurs when there are high amounts of sugar in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia occurs when there are low amounts of sugar in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable diabetes means fasting blood sugars are consistently between $80mg/dL$ and $240mg/dL$ and below $180mg/dL$ two or more hours after eating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unstable diabetes means fasting blood sugar results vary below $80mg/dL$ and/or above $140mg/dL$ over a six week period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive hunger), Polyuria (excessive urination).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes is diagnosed using blood tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A1C/Glycohemoglobin, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), Random Plasma Glucose (RPG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The A1C test reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past three months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The FPG test requires fasting for a minimum of 8 hours and detects Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The OGTT requires fasting for 8 hours and drinking $75g$ of glucose dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The RPG test does not require fasting and is commonly used for diabetes diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes is treated with daily insulin therapy, healthy eating, and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 diabetes is treated with prescription insulin or diabetes pills, along with healthy eating and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes (in special cases, particularly with weight loss), and gestational diabetes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are six types: Rapid-Acting Insulin, Short-Acting/Normal Insulin, Intermediate-Acting Insulin, Pre-mixed Insulin, Long-Acting Insulin, Ultra Long-Acting Insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Onset refers to how quickly insulin lowers your blood sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peak refers to when insulin is at maximum strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duration refers to how long insulin works to lower your blood sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different brands of insulin vary in appearance, onset, peak, duration, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rapid-acting insulin is the quickest form of insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A short-acting insulin is clear in appearance and has an onset of $30$ minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An intermediate-acting insulin is cloudy in appearance and covers half a day or overnight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long-acting insulin covers insulin needs for almost a full day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ultra long-acting insulin provides consistent insulin for long periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pre-mixed insulin is a combination of intermediate-acting and short-acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NovoNordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonylureas help the pancreas release more insulin to lower blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biguanides reduce glucose production during digestion and help reduce insulin resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thiazolidinediones lower insulin resistance and help the body use insulin better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors prevent the digestion of carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meglitinides stimulate the pancreas to release insulin after meals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors lower high blood glucose levels in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avandamet, Glucovance, Metaglip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent use of the same spot can cause tissue changes that interfere with insulin absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketoacidosis occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones, often seen in Type 1 diabetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance means that the body's cells do not respond normally to insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin shock is when there is too much insulin in your blood, leading to hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketosis is a metabolic state when the body lacks sufficient glycogen from carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphoresis is triggered by a hypoglycemic reaction activating the body's fight-or-flight response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of a pulse or a weak pulse in the legs or feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin with specific onset, peak, and duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14-18 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check for signs of hypoglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Somogyi Effect occurs if a patient is given excess or ill-timed insulin or has missed a meal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An insulin pump provides a small constant dose of insulin throughout the day and allows for additional self-administered doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dawn Phenomenon describes an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toujeo is an ultra long-acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humulin R is a regular/fast-acting insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DiaBeta is an anti-diabetic medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic complications can include cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, eye issues, and foot problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers