Nutrition Notes (1) PDF

Type 1 Diabetes Absence of insulin 5%-10% of diabtes cases Often diagnoses before 18 years old Type 1 diabetes occurs from an auto immune response that damages or destroys pancreatic beta cells, leaving them unable to produce insulin. Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. First symptom keto...

Type 1 Diabetes Absence of insulin 5%-10% of diabtes cases Often diagnoses before 18 years old Type 1 diabetes occurs from an auto immune response that damages or destroys pancreatic beta cells, leaving them unable to produce insulin. Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. First symptom ketoacidosis Ketoacidosis: the accumulation of ketone bodies leading to acidosis related to incomplete breakdown fatty acids from carb deficiency or inadequate carb utilization Type 2 Diabetes Accounts for 90% to 95% of diagnosed cases of diabetes When cells do not respond to insulin as they should the kpancreas overcompensates by secreting higher than normal levels of insulin but not high enough to lower serum glucose levels. Overtime thebre is a decrease in insulin receptors and tissue sensitivity. Insulin falls to a deficet and type 2 diabetes develops. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension increases risk of CVD. Prediabetes Condition where glucose levels not high enough for type 2 but not normal Strong link between excess weight and insulin resistance, weight loss if primary focus Damage to small vessels can lead to retinopathy, nepropathy, neuropathy. Other complications impaired wound healing, peridontal disease, suscectable to other illness. Diabetes self management education and support- patients learn skills, knowledge, ability to manage diabetes. Examples heathy eating, working out, monitor sugar, take meds, coping. Only 5%-7% eligible through medicare ASCVD most common cause of death among people with diabetes. Weight Managment Prediabetes: weight loss goal 5%-7% Type1- improvements of a1c Type 2- 5% loss -​ Deficit of 500-700 cal.day or total cal intake 1200-1500cal/day 1500-1800 men Eat variety of nutrient dense foods, limit saturated fat, trans fat, sodium, added sugars, eat more fiber Eating paktterns to lower a1c mediaterranean, vegetatian and vegan, DASH, and low carb diets. Nutrient dense foods: fruit, vegetables, legumes, lean proteins, nuts, and whole grains Meal planning approach to manage carbs include carb counting, the plate method and food lists Carb counting: mainstay approach and fundamental for clients on insulin. Decrease a1c. Foods containing carbs are counted as carb choices. 1 carb choice provides 15g per serving